sMswr Br iv`c AnykW hI Aijhy sUrbIr, XoDy hoey hn ijhVy dyS, kom, Drm qy mr imtx leI Apxw jIvn Awm lokW dy h`kW Aqy mzlumW dI riK`Aw leI inauCwvr kr idMdy hn[ ihMdusqwn dy ieiqhws dI g`l krIey qW hjwrW swlW qoN gulwmI dIAW zMjIrW iv`c jkVy Aqy mugl hkUmq dy h`QI ilqwVI jw rhI ihMdusqwn dI mzlUm jnqw dI jykr iksy bWh PVI sI qW auh sn DMn gurU nwnk swihb jI[ ijnHW ny bwbr nMU zwbr kih julm qy zwlm dy iKlwP jMg CyVI (iesy pRQwey gurU nwnk swihb jI ny Sbd gwien kIqy joik DMn SRI gurU gRMQ swihb iv`c AMikq hn[) Aqy bwkI gurU swihbwn ny QW pr QW pRcwr dory kr lokW nMU Apxy h`kW leI lVx dI jwc isKweI[ iesy lVI iv`c ds gurU swihbwnW ny mnu`Kqw nwl ipAwr krn Aqy Drm dI Kwqr lV imtx vwsqy, AwpW Bwv gvw, jwlm qy zbr dy iKlwP lVweI lVx vwly AnykW hI isMG sUrmy, bhwdr jrnYl pYdw kIqy[ h`QlI pusqk iv`c AsI Aijhy hI bhwdr jrnYl bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy sMswr Br dy s`B qoN v`fy iklyH dy ieiqhws bwry cwnxw pwaux jw rhy hW ijs jrnYl Aqy Kwlsw q^q dI rwjDwnI ‘lohgV’ nMU ieiqhwskwrW ny AxgoilAw Aqy is`K rwj dy sMklp nMU rolky r`K idqw[ Aws hY ik purwqqv, Bugoilk Aqy ieiqhwisk hvwilAW nwl kIqI geI Koj qy AwDwirq Kwlsw rwjDwnI ‘lohgV’ bwry pRkwiSq pusqk pwTkW dy igAwn iv`c vwDw krygI[

lohgVH
(dunIAW dw sB qoN v`fw iklHw)

qkrIbn swry ieiqhwskwrW ny iliKAw hY ik jdoN bhwdr Swh dI fyF l`K qoN vD &Oj ny 29 nvMbr 1710 dy idn bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr dyy lohgVH iklHy qy hmlw kIqw qW aunHW ny Agly idn hI (30 nvMbr dy idn) ies iklHy ’qy kbzw kr ilAw[ vyKx nUM qW ieh lgdw hY ik muZl &OjW ny ieh kmwl dw kwrnwmw kIqw sI pr ieh dwAvw isr& hwsohIxw hI jwpdw hY[ ieh qW ieM\ lgdw hY ik ijvyN ieh iklHw iek in`kI ijhI iemwrq jW iek phwVI hovy ijs nUM ieqnI CotI ijhI koiSS nwl sr (ij`q) kr ilAw hovy[ pr lohgVH iklHy dw BUgoilk nkSw Aqy ies dI &OjI bxqr nUM vyK ky sw& nzr AwauNdw hY ik ieh dwAvw hkIkq qoN kohW dUr hI nhIN blik AqkQnI qy JUT dy nwl-nwl ieh qvwrI^ nwl DoKw vI hY[ is`K rwj dI (Kwlsw q^q dI) rwjDwnI lohgV koeI 1710 ivc r`iKAw nW nhIN hY[ lohgVH iklHy dI nINh is`K qvwrI^ ivc 1609 ivc r`KI geI sI[ sB qoN pihlW iesy nW dw iklwH, gurU kw c`k, c`k rwmdws (hux AMimRqsr) ivc gurU hrgoibMd swihb jI ny bxvwieAw sI (ij`Qy A`j-klH gurduAwrw lohgVH SuSoiBq hY[) dUjw lohgVH iklHw gurU hirrwie swihb jI ny nwhn irAwsq ivc bxwauxw SurU kIqw sI[ aunHW ny ies iklHy dI auswrI dI ingrwnI 1645 qoN 1657 ivckwr kIqI sI[ ies mgroN ies dI auswrI BweI l`KI rwey (Swh) vxjwrw dy tWfy ivc Swiml jvwnW ny kIqI sI[ 1685 qoN 1688 q`k gurU goibMd isMG jI pwauNtw swihb rhy sn qy gurU swihb vI ies dI auswrI dI ingrwnI krdy rhy sn[ iPr 1689 ivc gurU goibMd swihb jI ny AnMdpur swihb ivc vI iek iklHw iesy (lohgVH) nwm hyT bxvwieAw sI[ aus ivc iek hiQAwr bxwaux dw kwrKwnw vI lgw hoieAw sI ijs ivc isklIgr qy vxjwry rwjpUq hiQAwr bxwieAw krdy sn[

lohgVH iklHy dI bxqr Aqy BUgoilk hwlq

lohgVH iklHy dI iklHwbMdI bhuq v`fy rkby ivc muZlW dI bhuq v`fI &Oj dw twkrw krn leI Aqy sur`iKAw nMU mu`K r`Kky kIqI geI sI[ ies dw KyqrPl 7000 eykV Aqy Gyrw 50 iklomItr dy lgBg ivc &YilAw hoieAw hY; ijhVw nwhn dI purwxI irAwsq dw ih`sw sI qy hux ihmwcl dy isrmOr izlHw Aqy hirAwxy dy Xmunw ngr izlHy ivc Swiml hY[ purwqqv ivBwg (AwrkIAwlojI) dI gvwhI Aqy lohgVH dy smyN Aqy gqI dy AiDAYn qoN pqw lgdw hY ik AYfI ivSwl auswrI dy mukMml hox Aqy ies dI iklHwbMdI krn ivc 70-80 swl l`gy hoxgy[ lohgVH trst Xmunwngr ny ies sbMDI purwqqv ivigAwnIAW qoN Aqy smyN Aqy gqI dy mwihrW qoN sbUq iek`Ty kIqy hn[ (ieMfIAn tRst &wr rUrl hYrItyj AYNf ifvYlpmYNt nvIN id`lI vloN iqAwr kIqI irport, s&w 8)[ ies iklHy dy rkbw (lohgVH, hrIpur, JIl, mihqwvylI, BlorI, sukrno, mhwroNvwlw ipMf) ihmwcl pRdyS ivc hY; Aqy (Bgvwnpur, nQOrI, DnOrw, nMglI Aqy moihdInpur ipMf) hirAwxw ivc hY[ smu`cy rUp ivc ieh ielwkw Xmunw ndI iek pwsy Aqy mwrkMfw ndI dUjy pwsy dy ivckwr dw hY[ ies dIAW iklHwbMdIAW vwlIAW phwVIAW nUM dwbr (ih`l) phwVIAW ikhw jWdw hY[ lohgVH trst ny ies nUM iklyH nMU 32 sYktrW ivc vMifAw hoieAw hY[ iklHw bxwaux vwilAW mwihrW ny lohgVH dy mYdwnI ielwky ivcoN duSmx dI &Oj dI cVHweI rokx vwsqy lwfvw qy ieMdrI (kurUkSyqr qy krnwl izilHAW) ivc zbrdsq ih&wzqI ieMqzwm kIqy hoey sn[ purwqqv mihkmy dy srvyKx hox mgroN Aqy aus kwl dIAW &wrsI ilKqW GoKx mgroN ieh spSt ho igAw hY ik ieh iklHwbMdI, cONkIAW Aqy morcwbMdI iSvwilk phwVIAW ivc QW-QW qy (Ajoky Xmunwngr izlHy, AMbwlw izlHy ivc gurduAwrw tokw swihb (nrwiexgV) Kyqr ivc Aqy pMckUlw izlHy ivc pihlI coNkI nwfw swihb ) bxI hoeI sI[ ies ielwky ivc A`j vI msUmpur Aqy bvwnw dy iklHy kwiem hn[ ies zon ivc is`KW Aqy bMdw isMG bhwdr v`loN Aw^rI iklHwbMdI ipMjor dy nyVy imlI hY[ ies ielwky ivc keI jgh ‘qy kudrq dI sur`iKAw nUM bhuq suc`jy qrIky nwl iesqymwl kIqw igAw sI[ qMg rsqy bxwaux vwsqy phwVIAW nUM ies qrIky nwl k`itAw igAw sI ik jykr duSmx dI &Oj iklHwbMdI vwlI QW q`k phuMc vI jwvy qW auh iek dm moricAW q`k nw ApV sky[ ienHW qMg rsiqAW dI plwinMg ies qrIky nwl kIqI geI sI ik iek vwr ivc isr& iek &OjI hI ienHW rsiqAW ivcoN lMG skdw sI[ ies qrIky nwl lohgVH vl vDdI duSmx &Oj dw bhuq v`fw jwnI nukswn kIqw jw skdw sI[ ieh vI kmwl hY ik ieh iklHw gurU swihbW dI AgvweI hyT l`KI rwey vxjwrw Awid ny Awm lokW rwhIN bxvwieAw sI nw ik iksy bwdSwh ny[ lohgVH iklHw bxwaux ivc v`fw ih`sw aus ielwky ivc rihMdy lokW ny pwieAw hovygw; ^ws kr ky vxjwirAW Aqy isklIgrW ny ikauNik auh ies ielwky dI BUgoilk hwlq nUM cMgI qrHW smJdy sn qy auh vDIAw iklHwbMdI kr skdy sn[ ieh dunIAW dw sB qoN v`fw ikLHw sI, qy ieh 200 dy krIb CotIAW v`fIAW phwVIAW ivc PYilAw hoieAw sI, ies dI iklHwbMdI mzbUq &sIlW (dIvwrW) nwl kIqI hoeI sI[ hr iek phwV dw Awpxw invyklw sur`iKAw ieMqzwm sI, jo bwkI dy sur`iKAw ieMqzwmW nwl juiVAw hoieAw sI[ ieh inAwrw iklHw dunIAW dI audoN dI sB qoN qwkqvr &Oj nwl jUJx vwsqy bxwieAw igAw sI[ muZlW dI bhuq v`fI &Oj sI[ aunHW kol Aiq AwDuink hiQAwr sn[ jMgI nIqI vjoN muZl &Oj dw pYNqVw ieh huMdw sI ik lMmy smyN dw Gyrw pwieAw jwvy ijs nwl iklHy dy AMdr dIAW &OjW vwsqy Anwj Aqy hor vsqW dI phuMc k`t id`qI jwvy qy auh hiQAwr su`tx vwsqy mjbUr ho jwx[ muZl &OjW iklHy jW ngr dI &sIl nUM Gyr lYNdIAW sn Aqy bhuq in`ky-in`ky twkry hoieAw krdy sn[ (ieMfIAwn tRst &wr rUrl hYrItyj AYNf ifvYlpmYNt nvIN id`lI vloN iqAwr kIqI irport, s&w 8)[ muZlW dI &Oj dw Gyrw bhuq pIfw huMdw sI, ^ws kr ky jdoN gurIlw lVweI hovy qW[ (AYNfrIAw ihMtz, muZl AYNpwier AYNf iets fYklweIn: AYn ieMtrpRYtySn Aw& sorisz Aw& soSl pw`vr, s&w 62)[ gurIlw lVweIAW gurU jI Awpxy ^ws is`KW ivcoN cuxdy sn Aqy ies mksd vwsqy &OjI mSkW vDIAw qrIky nwl kIqIAW jWdIAW sn ijs nwl &OjIAW dw auqSwh vDwieAw jWdw sI[ jd vI iksy nvyN ngr jW iemwrq dw inrmwx huMdw sI qW suc`jy sur`iKAw ieMqzwm nUM mu`K r`iKAw jWdw sI[ pRwcIn kwl ivc sur`iKAw dy kudrqI pihlUAW dI vrqoN vI kIqI jwieAw krdI sI[ lohgVH iklHy dI BUgoilk hwlq AijhI sI ik ies iklHy dy auqr ivc sMGxy jMgl hn, ijnHW dI smu`cI cOVweI qkrIbn 14 iklomItr hY[ sMGxy jMgl nUM ‘vxdurg’ ikhw jWdw sI Aqy phwV nUM ‘prBdurg’ ikhw jWdw sI[ lohgVH iklHy ivc ‘vxdurg’ qy ‘prBdurg’ dovyN sn, ijs dw is`K &OjW nUM bhuq &wiedw huMdw sI[ lohgVH dy iklHy ivc is`K &OjW kol cMgw, KulHw-fulHw pwxI dw BMfwr vI sI Aqy ies ivcoN lMgdy pwxI, ijs dw vhwA duSmx vl ho skdw sI, dw kMtrol vI sI[ iklHy dI nkSwkSI ies qrHW dI sI ik ies dIAW do iklHwbMdIAW sn: iek ies dw AMdrUnI sur`iKAw isstm qy dUjw ies dy duAwly phwV, jMgl qy dirAw, jo iqMn pwisAW qoN iek qwkqvr kMD vW| sn jo mukMml sur`iKAw muh`eIAw krdy sn[ iek ndI iklHy nUM do ih`isAW ivc vMfdI sI; pr ieh ies qrHW dI hwlq ivc sI ik loV pYx ‘qy iek ih`sw dUjy ih`sy dI mdd vI kr skdw sI; pr, iklHy dy dovyN pwsy sur`iKAw pytI bxI hoeI sI[ iek ih`sw dUjy ih`sy dI sur`iKAw vI krdw sI[ ieh hwlq ieho ijhI sI ik jy ikqy duSmx iklHy dy iek ih`sy ’qy kbzw kr vI ley qW vI dUjw ih`sw &qh nhIN ho skdw sI[ ikauNik is`K &OjW &wiedy vwlI hwlq ivc huMdIAW sn[ cOkIAW qy mInwr Aijhy qrIky nwl bxwey hoey sn ik som ndI iklHy dy iksy vI kony jwE nu`kr ivcoN vyKI jw skdI sI[ ies kr ky jykr duSmx dI &Oj dI igxqI is`K &OjW qoN bhuq vD vI hovy qW vI vYrI ies iklHy nUM sr nhIN kr skdw sI ikauNik ies dy sur`iKAw ieMqzwm bhuq hI mzbUq qy ingr sn[ ies dIAW dIvwrW bhuq hI mzbUq qy ingr sn; ies kr ky ies dIAW dIvwrW ’qy iksy qrHW dI vI qop dy goilAW dw Asr nhIN huMdw sI[ iklHy dIAW bwhIAW Aqy ipCwVI qMg K`fW kr ky mih&Uz sn Aqy ies dw m`Qw Flwx dy au~pr hY[ ies kr ky ies pwisEN ies iklHy ’qy v`fI p`Dr ’qy hmlw krnw mumikn nhIN sI[ dUjy pwsy jy duSmx dw Gyrw lMmw ho jwvy qW iklHy ivcoN bc ky inklx dy bhuq rsqy hn[ iek do swlW dy QoVHy ijhy smyN ivc AYfw v`fw iklHw bxwauxw mumikn nhIN sI Aqy ^ws kr ky aus jgHw ’qy jo smuMdr ql qoN 1200 qoN 1900 Pu`t dI aucweI ’qy iSvwilk dIAW phwVIAW ivc hovy[ sMn 1600 qoN 1700 dy smyN dI g`l qW kI krnI hY, A`j vI ieh DrqI sMGxy jMglW vwlI hY Aqy iek Awm bMdy vwsqy qW ies dw srvyKx krnw qy nkSw bxwauxw vI nwmumikn hY[

klHy dI p`CmI v`KI

iSvwilk dIAW Aiq nIvIAW DrwqlW ivc (1200 qoN 1900 Pu`t dI aucweI q`k) dwbr ih`l dy ivckwrly ih`sy nUM jMgI mYdwn vjoN cuixAw hoieAw sI[ {joik aUDm ngr (kwlw AMb dy nyVy) qoN klysr dy jMgl qk PYilAw hoieAw sI} au`qr v`l aUDm ngr kol mwrkMfw ndI vgdI hY jo iSvwilk phwV ivco inkldI hY Aqy mYdwnI ielwky v`l vih jWdI hY; ieh dwbr ielwky ivco qkrIbn 20 iklomItr vihx mgroN mYdwnW dy pYrW nUM CUhMdI hY[phwVI ielwky ivc ies dI cOVweI G`t hY pr mYdwnW ivc phuMc ky ies dI cOVweI iek sO mItr qoN vI vD ho jWdI hY[ auprly ielwky ivc ies dy dohIN pwsIN phwVIAW hn[ iesy kr ky 1710 qoN 1716 ivckwr BwvyN muZl &Oj ny ies ielwky nUM Gyrw pweI r`iKAw pr auh ies qy kbzw nw kr skI[ (Aj-klH mwrkMfw ndI dy nwl-nwl, nwhn qoN pwauNtw swihb q`k phwVIAW ivcoN p`kI sVk bx cukI hY)[ iklHy dI &sIl qoN mwrkMfw ndI q`k is`K &OjW ny kmzor QwvW qy morcy pu`t ley sn qW jo duSmx dw dw^lw roikAw jw sky[ ieh sMGxw kMfydwr jMgl lukx vwsqy vI vriqAw jWdw sI qW jo ie`s pwisEN duSmx qy Acwnk hmlw kIqw jw sky[ duSmx &Oj vwsqy ies ielwky dy AMdr dy pRbMDW dw AMdwzw lwauxw nwmumikn sI[ iek ielwky ivcoN bhuq swrIAW in`kIAW KOlW (in`kIAW ndIAW qy nwly Awid), ijvyN hrIpur KOl, lohgVH KOl, som ndI ivc ifgdIAW hn qy ies nUM iek drimAwnw ijhw dirAw bxwauNdIAW hn[ ies ielwky ivc ie`k hor dirAw ‘bolI ndI’ vI hY jo dwbr dy pYrW nUM 10 iklomItr A`gy jw ky CUhMdw hY qy iPr mYdwnI ielwky ivc vihx lgdw hY[ ieh mOsmI ndI hY jo brswqW dy idnW ivc BrpUr vg`dI hY qy ryq dy kx hytW lY ky jWdI hY[ ies ryq ivc sunihrI kx hn Aqy A`j vI Xmunw ngr izlHy dw inzwm ndI dy kuJ ih`isAW nUM v`Ko-v`K Kinj pdwrQ k`Fx vwsqy lIz qy dyNdw hY[ies qoN ielwvw ies ielwky ivc hor KOl vI hn ijvyN ik nwglI KOl, joik A`gy jw ky v`fw dirAw bx jWdw hY qy brswqW dy idnW ivc ies ivc pwxI dw inkws bhuq izAwdw qy bhuq qyz (iek sYkMf ivc 30 hzwr sI.sI.) huMdw hY[

iklHy dI d`KxI v`KI

iklHy dw d`KxI pwsw mYdwnI Kyqr dy swhmxy hY[ ies QW ’qy is`K KyqI kirAw krdy sn qy Anwj pYdw krdy sn[ lohgVH dy mYdwnI Kyqr Aqy phwVI Kyqr ivckwr lohgVH ndI vgdI hY jo A^Ir Xmunw ndI ivc jw ifgdI hY[ ieh p`Cm v`loN phwV dy pYrW nwl CuhMdI 10 iklomItr vgdI jWdI hY[ ies ielwky ivc Kol qy ndIAW-nwly iek qrHW dy rwh vI hn jo lohgVH iklHy qk jWdy hn, ies nwl lohgVH dI iklHwbMdI hor mzbUq ho jWdI hY ikauNik som ndI dy isry qoN phwVI FlwnW bhuq is`DIAW hn Aqy J`t-p`t auTdIAW hn, ijs kwrn duSmx vwsqy lohgVH iklHy q`k phuMc bhuq AOKI ho jWdI hY[ ie`Dr &sIl ivc is`KW ny KMudrW pu`tIAW hoeIAW sn Aqy bhuq swrIAW au~cIAW ipktW/iklHybMdIAW kIqIAW hoeIAW sn qW jykr duSmx hmlw kry qW aus dI cwl rokI jw sky Aqy ausdw bhuq nukswn kIqw jw sky[ iklHy dIAW au~cIAW ipktW Aqy moricAW qoN som ndI nUM vyiKAw jw skdw hY[ keI ndIAW-nwly, K`fW Aqy KolW, jo dwbr phwV ivcoN inkldy hn Aqy som ndI ivc jw ifgdy hn qy AMq Xmunw ndI ivc smW jWdy hn[ phwVI cotIAW qy keI in`kIAW burjIAW bxweIAW hoeIAW sn qW jo is`K gurIlw XoiDAW nUM rwq vyly syD imldI rhy Aqy duSmx dy KyimAW qy hmlw krn mgroN auh shI slwmq iklHy ivc vwips Aw skx[ hr iek burjI dy auqy ie`k Coty ijhy cub`cy ivc kpwh dy vVyvy jlw ky r`Ky jWdy sn, jo rOSnI dyx dw kMm krdy sn, ijMnHW dI cmk dUroN hI id`s pYNdI sI[ iklHy dy d`KxI v`KI vwly pwsy 52 iklHybMdIAW sn, jo ieMdrI, lwfvw qoN SurU ho ky Xmunw ndI dy kMFy-kMFy mOjUdw Xmunw ngr izlHy qk PYlIAW hoeIAW sn[ is`K &OjW dIAW muZlW nwl lVweIAW mYdwnI ielwky ivc hI hoeIAW sn, ij`Qy iklHy dIAW 52 iklHwbMdIAW sn[ iesy qrHW sFOrw qoN lohgVH q`k 52 ipMf sn[ ieh swry l`KI rwey ny vxjwirAW nUM id`qy hoey sn qy aunHW dy t`br vI ie`Qy v`sy hoeyy sn[ ienHW ipMfW ivc in`ky v`fy 52 hI iklHw rUpI morcy Aqy burj bxy hoey sn[ ienHW moricAW ivc au~Qy rihx vwly vxjwry ifaUtI qy qYnwq kIqy hoey sn drAsl ies swry ielwikAW ivc ijvyNik JMfw, swlyhpur, Tskw hsnpur, mihmUdpur, lwhVpur, pMmUvwlw, bnW bhwdrpur, imrzwpur, nnhyVI, z&rpur zw&rI, qyvr, kotlw, gVHI vIrW, sMGolI, nXw gwauN, BolIvwlw, ibjOlI, tofrpur, cUhVpur, auqmvwlw, nweIvwlw, sbIlpur, ieslwm ngr (sFOrw ivc) bu`FI, muZlwvwlI, rwxIpur, rohlyVI, nwglI, mohIdInpur, sulqwnpur, B`tUvwlw, AlISyr mwjrw, gfvwlI, suMdr bhwdrpur, goVwbnI, sMDwieAw, kotVw ^ws, cwaulI, gnwaulI, rwmpur gyNdw, DnOrw, Bgvwnpur, iebrwhImpur, mCrOlI, bWsyvwlw, rukwlI, imlk ^ws (iblwspur izlHw) bMdw isMG bhwdr dy morcy Aqy burj sn[ lohgVH q~k phuMcx qoN pihlW muZl &OjW nUM ienHW moricAW qy s^q t`kr imlxI sI qy aunHW dw bhuq izAwdw nukswn hoxw sI qy hoieAw sI, ijs nUM muZl jrnYlW ny ^ud mMinAw sI[

iklHy dI pUrbI v`KI

lohgVH iklHy dw pUrbI pwsw pUrI qrHW jMgl ny F`ikAw hoieAw hY (ies nUM hux ‘nYSnl &wrYst pwrk’ AYlwinAw igAw hY); ieh ihmwcl pRdyS ivc pYNdw hY[ lohgVH qoN pwaUNtw swihb Aqy A`gy nwhn qk bhuq sMGxw ru`KW BirAw jMgl hY, ijs ivc bhuq swry grm-KMfI bUty Aqy JwVIAW vI augdy hn[ aunHW idnW ivc ie`Qy jMglI jwnvr ir`C, cIqy, biGAwV qy Syr vI huMdy sn qy iSkwrI aunHW dw iSkwr kirAw krdy sn[ A`j ieh swry jwnvr bwV (lohy dy jMgly) nwl AMdr r`K ky sur`iKAq kIqy hoey hn[ sYlwnI aunHW nUM iek ^ws rsqy rwhIN vyKx jWdy hn[ aunHW idnW ivc ies jMgl dI cOVweI iklHy dI &sIl qoN qkrIbn 8 iklomItr dUr sI[ ies pwisEN lohgVH phuMcx vwsqy keI ^u&IAw rsqy bxwey hoey sn, jo is`K &Oj vwsqy rsd-swmwn phuMcwaux vwsqy vrqy jWdy sn; Aqy jd kdy Gyrw pY jWdw sI qW ienHW rwhW rwhIN bwhr inkl ky jwn bcweI jw skdI sI[ ienHW rwhW rwhIN hI bMdw isMG bhwdr AnMdpur swihb, mMfI, cMbw, jMmU dIAW phwVIAW v`l, pMjwb dy mYdwnW v`l jW pMjwb dy SihrW qy hmlw krn vwsqy jwieAw krdw sI[ muZlW nUM kdy vI iehnW rwhW dw pqw nhIN l`gw sI[ ienHW rsiqAW ivc p`Qr dI vrqoN kr ky cMgI qrHW KuMdkW vI bxweIAW hoeIAW sn; ies kr ky duSmx ienHW rwhW ’qy kbzw nhIN kr skdw sI[ ieM\ swhmxy qoN ip`Cy q`k dy swry hI pRvyS sQwn sur`iKAq sn qy ienHW pwisAW qoN duSmx dI &Oj v`loN GyrwbMdI krnw mumikn nhIN sI ikauNik mwrkMfw qy som ndIAW ies ivc vgdIAW sn qy dohIN pwsIN au~cy-au~cy phwV sn[ m`Qy vwlw pwsw hI QoVHw ijhw duSmx vwsqy KulHw sI[ is`K &OjW ny ies pwsy vI p`ky morcy bxwey hoey sn Aqy bhuq swry mYdwnI ielwky ivc rukwvtW KVHIAW kIqIAW hoeIAW sn, ijnHW ivc 52 iklHwbMdIAW vI sn[ ieM\ ies p`Qy vwly pwisEN vI dusmx dw Gyrw pwauxw eynw Asrdwiek nhIN huMdw sI qy duSmx dI &Oj dw bhuq nukswn huMdw sI[ lohgVH tRst dI tIm ny bVI fUMGweI nwl ies iklHy dy ielwky dI Koj kIqI hY Aqy mwihrW nwl ivcwr-vtWdry vI kIqy hn[lohgV tRst ny hrie`k sYktr v`K-v`K phwVI au~qy siQq hY[ A`j vI lohgVH dy bhuq swry ih`sy srvyKx krn vwly hn ikauNik ienHW dw srvyKx jMglI bUty k`t ky hI mumikn huMdw hY[ lohgVH dI bwhrI &sIl lgwqwrI nhIN hY[ ies dIAW nIhW kmzor QWvW ’qy sw& idKweI dyNdIAW hn, jo FweI qoN iqMn mItr qk cOVIAW hn Aqy ij`Qy &sIl phwVI nwl juVI hoeI hY au~Qy ieh nIhW idKweI nhIN dyNdIAW[ iklHy dy Kyqr dw ArD ivAws bwhrI Gyry qoN koeI 50 iklomItr dy krIb hY ijs ivc phwVI dI cOVweI vI Swiml hY[ ieh iklHw, ijhVw &sIlW nwl hr sYktr ivc sur`iKAq kIqw hoieAw hY, iek Jtky nwl qy ie`ko idn ivc ikvyN sr kIqw jw skdw sI ? muZlW dI jMg dI nIqI hyT muZl &Oj iklHy nUM Gyrw pw lYNdI sI Aqy AMdr Anwj, rsd qy hor swmwn nhIN phuMc skdy sn ijs kwrn AMdrilAW nUM hiQAwr su`txy pYNdy sn pr lohgVH iklHy nUM aus qrIky dw Gyrw pYxw mumikn nhIN sI; ikauNik lohgVH ivc kdy vI rsd jW hor swmwn dI kmI nhIN sI Aw skdI[ lohgVH iklHy dI BUgoilk siQqI Aqy sQwn-inrUpx (tOpogrw&I) Aijhy hn ik ie`Qy duSmx v`loN Gyrw pYxw mumikn nhIN sI[ ieh ielwkw ijs ivc au~cIAW phwVIAW Aqy ivc nIvIAW K`fW hn, ijnHW ivc iek pwsy kMifAwly bUty qy JwVIAW au~gIAW hoeIAW hn dUjy pwsy is`DIAW au~cIAW phwVIAW hn ijs dy duAwly mOsmI nwly vgdy sn, jo ies nUM bhuq sur`iKAq bxw dyNdy sn[ qIjw qy cOQw pwsw vI sur`iKAq rihMdw sI[ muZl bwdSwh bhwdr Swh 1710 ivc is`KW qoN ieh iklHw Cufwaux AwieAw sI; pr, ies QW qy pu`j ky aus ny hwlwq dw jwiezw ilAw Aqy iklHy nUM Aij`q hox dI hwlq ivc BWp ky aus nUM kbzw krn dI Aws C`f ky, muV jwx vwsqy mjbUr hoxw ipAw[ ies dy nwl hI aus dy mn ivc muZl slqnq dy pqn dw fr vI smwieAw hoieAw sI, ijs kwrn auh FihMdI klw ivc ho igAw Aqy pwZl ho igAw, qy kuJ icr mgroN mr igAw[ AYny v`fy iklHy dI auswrI vwsqy, bhuq v`fI igxqI ivc nkSwnvIs, imsqrI, kwrIgr, is`iKAq Aqy Ais`iKAq mzdUr l`gy hoxgy[ ieM\ hI auswrI dw swmwn, ijvyN ie`tW, v`K-v`K nwp dy p`Qr, ryq, pIisAw p`Qr vZYrw v`fI imkdwr ivc loVINdy sI[ ieh kwrj bhuq ^u&IAw r`iKAw igAw hovygw qy Awm lokW nUM ies dw pqw vI nhIN hoxw[ lohgVH iklHy sbMDI purwqqvI Koj, jo keI mhIny qk kIqI geI, aus dOrwn iklHwbMdI qy &sIlW dIAW bhuq swrIAW inSwnIAW h`Q AweIAW sn[ ienHW iklHwbMdI &sIlW dI cOVweI 3 qoN 4 mItr hY[jwpdw hY ik AYnI v`fI qy mzbUq iklHwbMdI muZlW nwl v`fI lVweI dI sMBwvnw ivc kIqI geI sI[ is`KW nUM pqw sI ik muZl qop^wny ivc dunIAW dIAW sB qoN vDIAw qopW hn[ aunHW nUM ieh vI pqw sI ik muZl &Oj kol CotIAW qopW vI hn ijhVIAW aUTW qy l`dIAW jw skdIAW hn[ lohgVH ivclI iklHwbMdI &sIl Aslr p`Qr dI bxI hoeI hY ijs ivc ie`Cw qy zrUrq muqwibk lMmweI cOVweI dIAW is`lW, jo iek dUjy qy lMibq sn qy ienHW nUM joVn vwsqy cUjy dI vrqoN kIqI geI sI[ ieM\ hI ie`tW dI swrI auswrI vI kmwl hY[ ipSlyrI rIzrv &wrYst ivc vI sur`iKAW dIAW inSwnIAW imlIAW hn[ ieh purwqqvI gvwhI au~qrI idSw v`l hY[ ipCly pwsy sMGxw jMgl hY, ijs nUM hux ‘SyrjMg nYSnl pwrk’ dw nW id`qw igAw hY[ jMgl ivc pwaUNtw swihb vwly pwsy v`l, 10 iklomItr dUr qk, purwqqvI inSwnIAW imldIAW hn[ sYNtr ivc ipMf suKcYn isMG tWfw ivc vI purwqqvI gvwhI vyKI jw skdI hY[ iklHwbMdI dI nINh sYktr 30 ivc vI imlI hY[ ies vyly ies ivc p`Qr dIAW isr& do qYAW hI hn jo purwqqvI iTkwxy qy bcIAW hn[ bwkI dw FWcw muZlW ny Fwh id`qw sI[ ies dw shI AMdwzw lwieAw jw skdw hY ik bwirSW kwrn ies QW nUM lgwqwr Korw lgdw irhw hY Aqy ienHW KoirAW ny ipCly 300 swlW ivc nIhW nUM nMigAW kr id`qw hY[ ies iklHwbMdI dw rkbw 50 Put¿50 Pu`t hY[ bnyirAW dy tukVy ijhVy lohgVH ivc imly hn aus qoN pqw lgdw hY ik ieh Kyqr rxnIqI dI nukqw-ingwh qoN bhuq Aihm hY ikauNik ieh iklHy dy AYn m`Qy qy siQq hY[ ieh p`Qr dI icxweI nwl bxy hoey hn Aqy loVINdy Akwr ivc CYxI qy hQOVI nwl GVy hoey hn[ joV bhuq moty hn Aqy ie`tW qy cUny nwl bxy hn[ p`QrW qy ie`tW nUM joVn vwsqy cUny ivc ie`tW dI sur^I imlweI hoeI hY[ ies v`fy sur`iKAq QW dw vyrvw mwl mihkmy dy irkwrf ivc ipMf nMglI nwl juVdw hY, ij`Qy purwqqv gvwhI imldI hY[ ie`Qy p`Qr dI icxweI kIqI hoeI hY qy cUnw g`c nhIN hY[ ies dw ArD-Gyr phwVI dy aupr v`l hY Aqy ies QW qy pu`jx vwsqy &sIl duSmx dy rwh ivc v`fI rukwvt sI[ iesy kwrn is`K &OjW ny QoVHI igxqI hox dy bwvjUd muZl &OjW dw f`t ky mukwblw kIqw sI[ iklHy dIAW &sIlW dI BwrI iklHwbMdI kIqI hoeI hY ijhVI 3 qoN 4 mItr qk dI motweI vwlI hY, jo lohgVH dy sYktr 12 ivc imlI hY[ ieh Kyqr lohgVH KOl dy kMFy qy hY Aqy 1710 dy muZlW dy hmly vwsqy aunHW vwsqy kw&I kmzor sI[ ieh swhmxy pwisEN pD`rw hY Aqy ies au~pr Kymy lwaux vwlw cMgw v`fw BUKMf hY Aqy ies dw ipClw pwsw au~pr auiTAw hoieAw hY qy qMg hY[ ies dw iek pwsw is`Dw qy au~cw hY, qy ies dy dohW pwisAW qy do KOLW ienHW nUM CUhMdIAW vgdIAW hn qy lohgVH KOl ivc jw pYNdIAW hn[ is`K &OjW vwsqy ieh v`fw lwhyvMdw sQwn sI Aqy ies nUM muZl &OjW dy i^lw& lVn vwly is`K &OjIAW vwsqy splweI ifpo dy qOr qy vriqAw jWdw sI[ ies iklHy dI pUCl sYktr 4, hrIpur rIzrv &wrYst, bhuq hI sur`iKAq Aqy Aij`q iklHwbMdI sI[ ies iklHy dy Flwx vwly pRvyS QVHy Aqy sur`iKAq kot dy bcy tukVy imly hn jo phwVI auprly ipMf dy rIzrv &wrYst v`l jwx dw ieSwrw krdy hn[ ies Kyqr dw purwqqvI srvyKx krn mgroN phwVI dI dohrI iklHwbMdI q`kI jw skdI hY Aqy bhuq dUr qk mYdwnI ielwkw dyiKAw jw skdw hY; Xwin iehxW 52 moricAW ivcoN 22 morcy A`j vI mojUd hn[ ie`Qy is`K &OjW vwsqy rsd qy Asly dI splweI ipCly pwisEN kIqI jWdI sI, jo nwhn dy lwgy hY[ p`Qr dI nwkwbMdI dIAW inSwnIAW nwnwhwrI rIzrv &wrYsr dI rYvyinau AYstyt ivc vI imlIAW hn[ ieh Kyqr lohgVH iklHy dy d`Kx ivc hY Aqy iklHy dy hmlw krn vwly sQwn qy siQq hY[ BUgoilk qOr qy ieh Kyqr KOlW Aqy iek d`rw, jo z&rzhI jw&rI ipMf (hirAwxw) dy ivckwr siQq hY[ ie`Qy kotlw dy rIzrv &wrYst ivc purwqqvI gvwhIAW imldIAW hn[ kotlw dI in`kI phwVI aupr Aqy nwl lgdy Kyqr (ihmwcl) ivc phwVIAW aupr Aqy c`kI dy mukwm qy bhuq BwrI iklwbMdI kIqI hoeI hY[ ies qoN pqw lgdw hY ik is`K ispwhIAW dw lMgr AsQwn aucweI qy sI qW jo Kwx dI sm`grI Aqy hor shUlqW duSmx dy h`Q nw lg skx[ sMGolI dy mwl Kyqr ivc, aucweIAW v`l, bhuq iklHwbMdI dIAW bhuq swrIAW inSwnIAW imlIAW hn ij`Qy byqukI ijhI auswrI nwl iklHwbMdI kIqI hoeI hY, Aqy v`K-v`K nwp dw ibnw soiDAw qrwiSAw p`Qr vriqAw igAw hY, ijvyN ik ies nUM vihMdy ndI-nwly dI qih qoN k`F ky ilAWdw hovy[ joVn vwsqy ie`Qy cUny Aqy sur^I dI vrqoN kIqI geI hY[ ie`Qy keI qrHW dI iklwbMdI kIqI hoeI hY ikauNik ieh iklHy dy swhmxy m`Qy auqy siQq hY Aqy ies QW dy duSmx dIAW qopW dI h`d ivc Awaux dI sMBwvnw sI[ pRis`D ieiqhwskwr fw. hrijMdr isMG idlgIr Aqy ielwky dy jwxU srdwr jrnYl isMG ny j`d lohgVH dw srvyKx kIqw qW ayuQy iklHy dy sYktr 16 ivc iek iklHwbMdI qy pwxI guMbd vyKy[ ies iklHwbMdI dI nINh bwry, ijvyN sYktr 16 ivc pqw l`gw, hux dI purwqqvI jgh qy p`Qr dIAW isr& do qhIAW bcIAW hn; bwkI dI auswrI muZlW ny Fwh id`qI sI[ ieh AMdwzw lwieAw jw skdw hY ik bwirSW kwrn ie`Qy lgwqwr Korw ho irhw hY qy ies Kory kwrn hI iklHwbMdI dIAW nINhW dw pqw l`gw hY[ ieh iklHwbMdI 50¿50 Pu`t hY[ lohgVH dy sYktr sI-2 ivc ivcridAW aunHW ny vyiKAw ik ieh sYktr iklHy dy AMdr AMdwjn 10 iklomItr qoN SurU huMdw hY Aqy iklHy dw swhmxy m`Qy qoN dUr hY[ is`K &Oj dw splweI ifpU ie`Qy hox dy inSwnimly hn[ bnyirAW dy tukVy vI lohgVH dy sYktr 17 ivc l`By hn[ ieh Kyqr rx-nIqI p`KoN Aihm hY ikauNik ieh swhmxy m`Qy nwl siQq hY[ &sIl dI motweI 3 qoN 4 mItr hY[ ie`Qy TIk Akwr dy hQOVI nwl soDy hoey p`Qr dI cuxweI kIqI hoeI hY Aqy moty-moty joV cUny qy gwVHI sur^I nwl myly hoey hn[ ij`QoN q`k lohgVH iklHy dw svwl hY, koeI l`KI rwey vrgw AmIr S^s hI ies nUM bxvw skdw sI[ aus dy kol l`KW kwirMdy sn (ijnHW ny &OjI isKlweI vI leI hoeI sI)[ AYnI v`fI mwqrw ivc p`Qr iek`Tw krnw Aqy cUny qy ie`tW dw iklHy dI auswrI vwsqy ieMqzwm krnw Aqy swrw auswrI dw swmwn koeI sO do sO bMdy nhIN ilAw skdy sI[ l`KW dI igxqI vwlw tWfw hI eynw swmwn FoA skdw sI[ dUjw, l`KI rwey vxjwrw nUM pihlW hI iemwrqW bxwaux dw qjrbw sI[ auh drjnW iklHy, mihl Aqy hor iemwrqW bxvw cukw sI[ aus ny lwl iklHw id`lI Aqy mrh`itAW dy ikilHAW vwsqy sm`grI (p`Qr, cUnw, iemwrqI l`kVI vZYrw) splweI kIqI hoeI sI[ aus ny ^ud Awpxy vwsqy id`lI ivc mwlcw mihl qy vxjwry kwirMidAW vwsqy bhuq swrIAW srwvW qy iemwrqW ausrvweIAW sn[ ies kr ky ieiqhwisk qvwrIK qoN jwxkwrI imldI hY ik gurU hrgoibMd swihb qy gurU hrrwie swihb ny lohgVH iklHy dI auswrI dI syvw muK qOr qy BweI l`KI rwey nUM hI sONpI hovygI, ijs ny hzwrW kwrIgr qy mzdUr lgwky Aqy swrI sm`grI muh`eIAw krvw ky ies iklHy dw inrmwx kIqw hovygw[ isr& iklHy dI auswrI hI nhIN blik kwrIgrW qy mzdUrW vwsqy qy mgroN is`K &OjW vwsqy kpVy, kMbl, rjweIAW dy nwl-nwl Anwj, h`Q c`kIAW, qyl k`Fx vwsqy kohlU Aqy hor bhuq swrw swmwn Aqy hiQAwr vZYrw dw ieMqzwm krn dI syvw vI BweI l`KI rwey Aqy aus dy pu`qrW qy poqirAW ny kIqI hovygI[ kuJ &wrsI lyKkW ny izkr kIqw hY ik is`KW v`loN iklHw C`f jwx mgroN muZl &OjIAW nUM ies QW qoN bhuq swrw dysI kpVw, ivdySI rySmI kpVw Aqy hor kImqI swmwn imilAw sI[ XkInn ieh kImqI kpVy cIn Aqy m`D eySIAw qoN BweI l`KI rwey dy tWfy rwhIN hI Awey hoxgy[

lohgVH iklHy dy bnwaux dw ipCokV

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lohgV iv`c AnykW kudrqI somy Aqy jrUrq dy swmwn dy BMfwr

jMglW ivc iek motI qy mzbUq vyl huMdI hY, jo bhuq hI lMbI vI huMdIAW hn[ sMGxy jMglW ivc ieh Awm huMdIAW hn [ iehnW vylw dy r`sy bhuq mjbUq bxdy hn joik mwl-fMgrW nMu bMnx vwsqy Aqy hor mwl Asbwb bMn ky r`Kx leI shwiek huuMdIAW hn, ies qoN ielwvw is`K ispwhI iehnW vylw nwl lMmy r`sy bxWdy sI joik phwV qy cVx-auqrx dy kMm AwauNdy sn[ ies qoN ielwvw iklHy ivc QW QW qy gupq rsqy bxy hoey sn, ijhVy A`j vI kwiem hn[ ienHW ivcoN bhuq swry hux JwVIAW augx kr ky bMd ho cuky hn[ ieh rsqy koeI ByqI hI jwx skdw sI[ ies krky duSmx qoN bcx Aqy aus nUM Awpxy ip`Cy ilAw ky Gyr ky mwrn vwsqy ieh rsqy bhuq mddgwr swibq huMdy sn[ ies ielwky ivc pwxI dI koeI kmI nhIN sI[ ies ielwky ivc qkrIbn 94 cSmy vgdy hn[ ies qoN ielwvw ndIAW dIAW keI Dwrw vI ies ivcoN vgdIAW hn: hrIpur Kol, lohgVH Kol, nMglI kI Kol, bolI Kol, AsrodI Kol, kwlUidE kw Kwlw, gurU kI Kol Awidk[ ies iklHy ivc QW-QW qy pwxI nUM jmHW krn vwsqy p`QrW dy p`ky fYm bxy hoey sn[ ienHW ivcoN iek sO qoN vD p`ky fYm qW A`j vI mOjUd hn[ Koj krn vwlIAW tImW nUM lohgVH iklHy ivc bhuq QWvW qoN Anwj qy dwlW nUM v`fy brqnW ivc pw ky r`Kx Aqy sMBwlx dy sbUq vI imly hn[ Awtw pIhx vwlIAW c`kIAW, qyl k`Fx vwly kohlU qy brqnW dy BMfwr imly hn[ie`Qy keI Aijhy ipMf vsy hoxgy ijnHW ivc is`K &OjIAW dy prvwr vI rihMdy hoxgy Aqy auh Awpxw Anwj pIsx Aqy Kwxw bxwaux vwsqy sroHoN Awid dw qyl k`Fdy hoxgy[ ies qoN pqw lgdw hY ik lohgVH dy iklHy ivc hr qrHW dw swmwn mOjUd sI[ ies qoN iklHy dI ivSwlqw dw vI pqw lgdw hY[ lohgVH iklHy ivc keI QWeIN v`K-v`K iksm dy iKfOxy vI imly hn, ijvyN im`tI dy bxy hoey aUT, hwQI, icVIAW, qoqy, b`cy Awid[ ieh qkrIbn 7-8 eykV dy rkby ivc iKlry pey imldy hn[ ies qoN pqw lgdw hY ik ie`Qy bhuq swry &OjIAW dy t`br rihMdy hoxgy Aqy ie`Qo hI BweI l`KI rwey, sMswr Br iv`c Awpxy tWifAw rwhI mwl splweI krdw sI Aqy Dwrimk myilAW iv`c vI bic`Aw leI iKfoxy bhuq ivk`dy sI, ies leI l`KI Swh ny lohgV nUM Apxw v`fw BMfwr Gr bxwieAw hovygw[

lohgVH iklHy ivcoN imly hiQAwr bxwaux dy kwrKwny dIAW inSwnIAW

ie`Qy hI bs nhIN, lohgVH iklHy dy ielwky ivcoN DwqW ijvyNik lohw qy ip`ql dw brUdw imilAw hY, joik qkrIbn do qoN FweI iklomItr qk iKlry pey hn[ ies brUdy dw (joik FyilAW ivc ipAw hoieAw hY) ivSlySx kIqw igAw hY, ijs qoN ieM\ pRqIq huMdw hY ik ie`Qy KwnW qoN k`cIAW DwqW ilAWdIAW jWdIAW sn, ijnHW nUM grm kr ky v`Ko-v`K Kinj pdwrQ (lohw, ipq`l, islvr Awid) k`Fy jWdy sn[ ies sw& lohy nUM Fwl ky sMcy ivc pw ky v`K-v`K qrHW dy hiQAwr bxwey jWdy sn, ijvyN qlvwrW, qIr, nyzy, qop dI bYrl Awid[ ies burwdy dy FyilAW qoN pqw lgdw hY ik ie`Qy hiQAwr bxwaux dw v`fw kwr^wnw sI qy ieh hiQAwr gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy smyN qoN bMdw isMG bhwdr jI dy vyly q`k bxdy rhy sn[ ip`ql dy burwdy qoN ieh AMdwjw lgdw hY ik ie`Qy ip`ql dIAW fUMGIAW topIAW Aqy qop dIAW bYrlw bxdIAW hoxgIAW ijnHW ivc bwrUd Br ky A`go golI vWg Dwq dy tukVy lw ky dUr mwirAw jw skdw hY Aqy ijnHW nwl goly dUr qk su`ty jWdy hn[ Koj krx qy ieh vI pqw cldw hY ik BweI l`KI Swh ikauNik bhuq v`fw vpwrI qy srkwrI Tykydwr sI Aqy ij`Qy auh mugl srkwr nMU hrie`k jrUrq dy swmwn dI splweI idMdw sI au`Qy auh muglW nMu hiQAwr vI bxwky splweI krdw sI[ ijhVy hiQAwr aus nwl rihMdy vxjwry iqAwr krdy sI[ eyhI kwrx sI ik isklIgr lok, jo gurU hrgoibMd swihb qoN hI is`KW leI hiQAwr bxwaux dw kMm krdy sn, auh DwqW nUM sw& krn, ipGlwaux, sMcy ivc pwaux Aqy grm kr ky iek dm TMFw krn dy bhuq mwihr sn[ A`j vI lohgVH dy duAwly isklIgrW dy keI ipMf mOjUd hn[

iklHw lohgVH, dwbr ih`l Aqy iesdy pYrW hyTly ipMfW dI zmIn dw mwilk kOx sI?

ies ielwky dw bhuq swrw ih`sw (Swied 80 ipMfW dI zmIn) BweI l`KI rwey (Swh) vxjwrw dI mlkIAq sI[ ieh aus dI irAwsq sI[ ies dw sbUq ies g`l qoN imldw hY ik ies swry ielwky ivc l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy bxwey hoey KUh mOjUd sn[ (hux qk 55 KUh l`By jw cu`ky hn Aqy iehnW qoN ielwvw keI KUh pUr id`qy gey jW F`k id`qy gey aunHW dI igxqI nhIN kIqI jw skdI)[ A`j vI Tskw(nyVy suDw pIr), imrzwpur, tofrpur(sFOrw sb qihsIl); bu`FI, B`tUvwlw, suMdrpur, g`trvwlI, bhwdrpur, lohgVH, AlISyrpur mwjrw(qihsIl iblwspur); qwhrpur, bMnH sMqUr, dwrpur (qihsIl CCrOlI) ivc ieh KUh mOjUd hn[ ieh KUh qkrIbn 150 Pu`t fUMGy hn Aqy p`Qr Aqy nwnkSwhI ie`tW dy bxy hoey hn[ aus zmwny ivc j`d A`j dIAW mwfrn fRIl mSInW dw supnw vI nhIN sI ilAw jw skdw, ieh KUh pu`txw Aqy p`Qr qy nwnkSwhI ie`tW nwl ies dIAW dIvwrW dI auswrI krnw (imsr dy iprwimf vW|) iek hYrq-AMgyz i^Awl hY, ijs dw jvwb Swied swieMsdwn vI nw dy skx[ drAsl l`KI rwey (Swh) aus vyly dw sB qoN v`fw vxjwrw (vpwrI) sI[ aus dw vpwr sYNtrl eySIAw qoN sRI lMkw qk &YilAw hoieAw sI[ ies krky aus nUM auswrI klw qy iemwrqswzI dI bhuq vDIAw jwxkwrI sI[ aus ny isr& swmwn hI nhIN blik kwrIgr, imsqrI qy hor mwihr mMgvw ky ieh KUh Aqy hor iemwrqW bxvweIAW sn[ ies ielwky ivc l`KI rwey dy kuJ Coty iklHy vI sn, ijvyN bUVIAw, gVHI bxjwrw, idAwlgVH, su`g Awid[

lohgVH iklHw iks ny bxwieAw qy ies nUM bxwaux ivc ikMnw smW l`gw?

bhuqy ieiqhwskwr ieh ilKdy hn ik ies iklHy nUM bMdw isMG ny 1710 ivc (kuJ mhIny ivc) hI auswirAw jW bxy bxwey nUM murMmq kr ky jW nivAw ky iqAwr kIqw sI[ pr ieh mMnxw bckwxw g`l hovygI[ 7000 eykV (Swied ies qoN vI v`D) rkby Aqy drjnW phwVW ivc bixAW ieh iklHw hrigz kuJ mhIinAW iv`c qW kI, kuJ swlW ivc vI nhIN bxwieAw jw skdw sI[ ies nUM bxwaux vwsqy 70-80 swl zrUr l`gy hoxgy[ phwVI ielwikAW ivc dIvwrW bxwaux vwsqy p`Qr, nwnkSwhI ie`tW Aqy cUnw Fox vwsqy bhuq lMmw smW l`gw hovygw[prSIAn irkwrf muqwibk ies iklyH dw mu`F gurU hrgoibMd swihb jI dy kIrqpur rihx vyly (1635 qoN) bMinHAw hovygw[ gurU hir rwie swihb vyly (1645 qoN) ies iklHy dw sB qoN vD kMm hoieAw hovygw[‘dibsqwny mzwihb’ (lyKk zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI) muqwibk gurU hirrwie swihb 1645 qoN 1657 qk ipMf Qwpl (Qwplpurw) rhy sn[ gurU hirrwie swihb kol 2200 GoVy sn jo ie`Qy hI rihMdy hn[

lohgVH dy jMgl Aqy phwV ienHW GoiVAW vwsqy vDIAw crWd sI qy aunHW nUM Gwh qy pwxI ie`QoN hwisl huMdw sI[ ie`Qy rihMidAW gurU hirrwie swihb jI kol l`KI rwey vxjwrw AwauNdw rihMdw sI[ ie`QoN hI gurU jI ny lohgVH iklHw bnwaux dI ingrwnI kIqI hovygI[ l`KI rwey dy vpwr ivc hzwrW mulwzm nOkrI krdy sn[ ieh swry is`K sn[ jd bMdw isMG ny lohgVH nUM rwjDwnI bxwieAw qW ieh swry vxjwry aus dy mddgwr bx gey[ kuJ aus dI &Oj dw ih`sw bx gey sn, kuJ aus nUM Kwxw, Aslw qy hor swmwn muh`eIAw krvwauNdy sn qy kuJ muZl srkwr qy &Oj dIAW sUhW ilAwaux dw kMm krdy sn[ muZlW nUM vI Anwj-dwlW dI splweI ienHW vxjwirAW qoN hI imldI sI, ies krky muZlW dIAW ^brW ienHW nUM pqw lgdIAW rihMdIAW sn qy auh swrw kuJ auh bMdw isMG qk phuMcw idAw krdy sn[ kwmvr ^wn (qzikrwqu slwqIn cg`qw, s&y 93-94) vI ies dI qweId krdw hY[

ie`QoN lohgVH iklHw, mOjUdw p`kI sVk qoN 8 koh (25 iklomItr) pYNdw hY[ ivckwr isr& klysr dw jMgl (hux ‘klysr vweIlf lweI& sYNcuAYrI’) hI hY[ ies dw iek rsqw mOjUdw suKcYnpurw v`loN vI jWdw hY[ ieh suKcYnpurw iksy suKcYn isMG nW qy bixAw hoieAw hY[ ho skdw hY ik suKcYYn isMG, l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy vwirsW ivcoN iek hovy[ lohgVH iklHy ivc l`gw p`Qr, cUnw qy ie`tW sB l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWfy rwhIN AweIAW sn[ ies ielwky ivc l`KI rwey ny p`kIAW ietW bxwaux vwsqy B`Ty vI lgwey hoey sn[ lohgVH iklHy dy aupr drjnW phwVIAW ivc A`j vI bMdw isMG kwl dIAW kMDW dIAW inSwnIAW kwiem hn[

l`KI rwey (Swh) vxjwrw kOx sI?

bhuqy lok qW eynw hI jwxdy hn ik j`do 11 nvMbr 1675 dy idn gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI nUM id`lI ivc ShId kIqw igAw sI qW BweI l`KI rwey vxjwrw ny aunHW dw DV cWdnI cONk qoN auTwky Awpxy Gr ilAw DV dw sskwr kIqw sI[ kuJ lok ieh smJdy hn ik BweI l`KI rwey ny Gr nUM ies kr ky jlwieAw sI qW jo iksy nMU pqw nw lg sky[ kuJ lokW vwsqy BweI l`KI rwey dw rol isr& eynw hI sI, pr auh ieh nhIN jwxdy ik BweI l`KI rwey Asl ivc kOx sI[

ATwrvIN sdI q~k swauQ eySIAw dw swrw vpwr vxjwry (vxj / vpwr krn vwly) kirAw krdy sn, jo hzwrW qy l`KW GoiVAW, aUTW, hwQIAW Aqy bldW au~qy swmwn l`d ky sRIlMkw qoN bl^, bu^wrw, smrkMd qy XwrkMd q`k jwieAw krdy sn[ aus smyN sB qoN v`fy vpwrI iqMn sn:

1. bMgySrI (prmwr rwjpUq) prvwr, ijs nwl BweI b`lU dy do pu`qr BweI mweI dws (ipqw BweI mnI isMG) qy BweI nTIAw sn[
2. m`Kx Swh lubwxw (qomr rwjpUq) prvwr [ Aqy
3. BweI l`KI rwey (Swh) vxjwrw (Xwdv rwjpUq) prvwr[

ienHW swirAW kol l`KW g`fy, GoVy, aUT, hwQI, Kc`r Aqy bld sn[ ieM\ hI ienHW kol hzwrW nOjvwn &OjI vI sn ijhVy ienHW dy swmwn dy tWifAW dI rwKI kirAw krdy sn[ l`KI rwey vxjwrw (04/07/1580–28/05/1680), pu`qr goDU, pVpoqw Twkr (cMdrbMsI AiqRS, Xwdv, bVHqIAw knwauNq) bhuq AmIr sI[ auh id`lI dy ipMf rwiesInw, mwlcw qy ienHW dy Awly - duAwly dI zmIn Aqy jMgl dw mwilk sI[ lohgVH iklHy dI swrI p`tI aus dI jwiedwd sI; Xwin kwlw AMb qoN lY ky Xmunw ndI qk dw swrw ielwkw aus dI slqnq sI (ies slqnq vwsqy aus ny ies ielwky ivc lohgVH qy hor iklHy qy gVHIAW bxweIAW hoeIAW sn)[ l`KI rwey kol iqMn cwr l`K dy krIb bld, GoVy, aUT, hwQI, K`cr Awid sn qy eynI igxqI ivc hI lok aus hyT kMm krdy sn[ auh GoVy, aUT, hwQI, K`cr, bkrIAW, ByfW dy vpwr dy nwl-nwl Anwj, dwlW, nmk, mswly, kpVw (^ws kr ky pSm, rySm / islk, au~n), iemwrqswzI dw swmwn (p`Qr,sMgmrmr,cUnw Awid), jMg dw swmwn (hiQAwr,ijrh,b^qr), GoiVAW dw swmwn (kwTIAW,rkwb,vwgW Awid), K`lW Awid qoN ielwvw huMfI Awid dw v`fw vpwrI sI[ auh aus zmwny dw eySIAW dw sB qoN AmIr S^s sI[ aus dw tWfw (vpwrk kw&lw) smrkMd qy XwrkMd (m`D eySIAw) qoN sRIlMkw q`k cldw sI[ ieh tWfw 8 ku mhIny cldw sI, isr& brswqW dy idnW ivc ieh kw&lw Awrwm krdw sI[

l`KI rwey dy 8 pu`qr (BweI ingwhIAw, hymcMd, hwVI, hIrw, puMfIAw, b^SI, bwlw qy jvwhr), 17 poqry Aqy 24 pVpoqry sn[ ieh swry gurU goibMd isMG jI Aqy bMdw isMG bhwdr dI &Oj dw ih`sw sn[ ies prvwr muqwibk ienHW swirAW ny ShIdIAW hwisl kIqIAW sn[ B`t vhIAW ivc vI jvwhr isMG (30-08-1700), hym isMG (16-1-1704), ngwhIAw isMG (06-04-1709) dIAW ShIdIAW dw izkr iml jWdw hY[

id`lI dw vswieAw jwxw Aqy lwl iklHy dI auswrI

1628 ivc Swhjhwn muZl bwdSwh sI[ aus vyly id`lI ivc keI purwxy ikilHAW dy Qyh mOjUd sn[ ieslwm Swh sUrI dw 1546 ivc bxwieAw iklHw slImgVH vI mOjUd sI[ pr Swhjhwn ny nvIN AbwdI, ijs nUM aus ny Swhjhwnwbwd dw nW id`qw (hux purwxI id`lI) ivc iek nvW qy v`fw iklHw auswrn dw &Yslw kIqw[ ies dw nkSw ausqwd Aihmd lwhOrI ny bxwieAw[ 12 meI 1639 nUM ieh iklHw bxwaux dy hukm jwrI hoey Aqy Agly idn hI ies dw nINh p`Qr r`iKAw igAw[ ieh iklHw qkrIbn 9 swl ivc, 6 ApRYl 1648 dy idn pUrI qrHW iqAwr ho igAw[ Swhjhwn ny ies dw nW ‘iklHw mubwrk’ r`iKAw sI[ ikauNik ieh lwl p`Qr dw bixAw hoieAw sI ies krky ies dw nW ‘lwl iklHw’ mShUr ho igAw[ 94 eykV ivc bixAw, Awgrw dw iklHw vI lwl p`Qr dw bixAw hox krky ‘lwl iklHw’ AKvwauNdw hY[ auN\ Awgrw dw iklHw (ijs dw pihlw nW bwdlgVH sI qy id`lI dy iklHy qoN fyF-do sO swl pihlW dw bixAw hoieAw sI) ie`tW dw iklHw sI[ pr Akbr ny brwaulI, rwjsQwn qoN lwl p`Qr mMgvw ky ies p`Qr nwl, ies dIAW purwxIAW dIvwrW dy bwhr nvIN dIvwr auswrI sI)[

id`lI dw lwl iklHw 254.67 eykV rkby ivc bixAw hoieAw hY qy ies dy duAwly 2.41 iklomItr lMbweI dI dIvwr bxI hoeI hY[ ies dIvwr dI aucweI 18 mItr qoN 33 mItr (burj vwlI QW qoN) hY[ ies iklHy dw mu`K drvwzw d`Kx ivc lwhOrI gyt hY[ ies dw dUjw m`uK drvwjw id`lI gyt hY[ Xmunw v`l KulHx vwly gyt nUM pwxI drvwzw (vwtr gyt) kihMdy hn[ iklHy dy AMdr iek bwaulI vI hY (ieh ikhw jWdw hY ik ieh bwaulI iklHy qoN pihlW dy smyN dI hY)[

id`lI dw mwlcw mhl qy ies dy Awly-duAwly dI swrI zmIn l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI sI[ DOlw kUAW*, bwrwKMBw, pUsw ih`l, knwt plys, rwStrpqI Bvn, pwrlImYNt hwaUs qy gurduAwrw rkwb gMj aus dI zmIn ivc bxy hn[ ieM\ hI lohgVH qy dwbr dI zmIn dw vI auh hI mwilk sI, ijhVw ik aus dy bxwey KUhW qoN swibq ho jWdw hY[ koeI vI S^s pIx dy pwxI dw KUh iksy dUjy dI zmIn qy nhIN lgwauNdw[ {*nwhn qoN 20 iklomItr dUr pwauNtw swihb rof qy bixAw DOlw kUMAw vI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dw sI[) l`KI rwey vxjwrw dw iek hor iklHw Xmunw ndI dy dUjy pwsy (pUrb ivc) mu^ilsgVH qoN kuJ A`gy tWfw Aqy rwmpur dy ivckwr (Kvwspur qy hYdrpur AlI, ihMdUvwlw dy nyVy) hY (vyKo: qsvIrW)[ ies dy Qyh A`j vI mOjUd hn[ ies dIAW dIvwrW ivc vI lohgVH iklHy vrgy p`Qr l`gy hoey hn[ ies dy Awly duAwly vI l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy KUh hn ijnWH KUhW iv`c pQ`r dIAW plytW qy A`j vI l`KI Swh dw nwm aulIikAw hoieAw hY[ ies dw ArQ ieh hY ik Tskw qoN lY ky (rweypurrwxI qoN lYky) dyhrwdUn q`k dI zmIn dw mwilk l`KI rwey vxjwrw hI sI[ rwjpurw dy nyVy vxjwrw srwey vI l`KI rwey dI in`jI mlkIXq sI, ij`Qy aus dw tWfw ru`ikAw krdw sI[

gurU hirgoibMd swihb jI dw kIrqpur vwsqy zmIn ^rIdxw

28 mwrc 1624 dy idn gurU kw c`k, c`k rwmdwspur (AMimRqsr) ivc is`KW dw iek BwrI iek`T hoieAw[ ies ivc iblwspur, hMfUr Aqy hor keI irAwsqW dy rwjy, ijnHW nUM gurU jI ny gvwlIAr dy iklHy ivc irhw krvwieAw sI, vI pu`jy[ iblwspur dw rwjw kilAwx cMd au~Qy keI idn TihirAw sI[ 11 AprYl dy idn vwips jwx qoN pihlW aus ny gurU jI nUM Arz kIqI ik auh aus dI irAwsq ivc Awpxw hY~fkuAwrtr bxwaux[gurU jI ny gurU dw c`k (AMimRqsr) qoN iblwspur cly jwxw qW nw mMinAw pr ieh vwAdw zrUr kIqw ik auh CyqI hI ausdI irAwsq ivc iek sYNtr zrUr bxwauxgy[ ies mgroN gurU swihb ny kilAwx cMd nwl ausdI irAwsq dy dirAw sqluj nwl lgdy ielwikAW dw dOrw kIqw Aqy nvyN ngr vwsqy kilAwxpur, BtOlI qy jIaUvwl ipMfW ivckwr kuJ zmIn ^rIdx dI pySkS kIqI[ pihlW qW kilAwx cMd ny ies zmIn dy pYsy lYx qoN nWh kr idqI pr j`d gurU swihb ny aus nUM disAw ik auh (gurU swihb) dwn dI zmIn qy is`K pMQ dw ngr nhIN vswauxgy qW mjbUrn kilAwx cMd nUM ies zmIn dI kImq lYxI peI[ mOjUdw kIrqpur ivc cwr ipMf Swiml hn qy ienHW swirAW ipMfW dI zmIn dw kuJ-kuJ ih`sw Swiml hY[ gurU swihb ny kIrqpur swihb dI zmIn nvW ngr vswaux vwsqy Awpxy pu`qr bwbw gurid`qw nUM dy idqI[ bwbw gurid`qw ny pihlI meI 1624 dy idn nvyN ngr dw nINv rKvweI[

1624 qoN 1631 q`k gurU hirgoibMd swihb, gurU kw c`k (AMimRqsr) ivc hI rhy sn[ au`Dr 28 AkqUbr 1627 dy idn jhWgIr dI mOq ho geI sI[ jhWgIr dw pu`qr Swhjhwn vI hOlI-hOlI muq`sbI muslmwnW dy Asr hyT Aw igAw[ ies mgroN muZlW ny gurU swihb jI qy vI hmly SurU kr id`qy[ 1635 dy SurU ivc gurU jI krqwrpur (jlMDr) cly gey[ 1634 Aqy 1635 ivc gurU jI qy iqMn vwr hmly hoey (13 ApRYl 1634 AMimRqsr, 16-17 dsMbr 1634 mihrwj Aqy 26-28 ApRYl 1635 krqwrpur)[ ies mgroN gurU swihb jI kIrqpur swihb Aw gey[

kIrqpur swihb ivc rihMidAW gurU swihb kol kihlUr (iblwspur), hMfUr (nwlwgVH), isrmOr (nwhn) Aqy keI hor irAwsqW dy rwjy Awaux lg pey[ ienHW idnW ivc bhuq swry ihMdU rwjpUq rwjy gurU swihb kol kIrqpur ivc pnwh lYx vwsqy Awey sn[ ieh swry rwjy muZlW dy zulm qoN qMg Aw ky qy bwZI hoky gurU jI kol pnwhgIr bxy hoey sn qy au~Qy rih rhy sn[ ieM\ hI BweI l`KI rwey (Swh) vxjwrw, BweI mweI dws (ipqw ShId BweI mnI isMG jI) qy BweI hrdyv(dysw) jI (ipqw m`Kx Swh lubwxw) vI gurU jI kol Aksr AwauNdy rihMdy sn[ l`KI Swh iSvwilk phwVIAW dy hyTW (kwlw AMb Aqy jmnw dirAw dy ivckwr) dI bhuq swrI zmIn dw mwilk sI[ ieiqhwisk GtnwvW Anuswr pqw l`gdw hY ik aus ny gurU jI nUM AwpxI zmIn ivc iklHw bxwaux vwsqy pySkS kIqI hovygI qy audoN qoN hI gurU jI ny nwhn irAwsq dy phwVW ivc lohgVH iklHw kwiem krn dI Xojnw bxweI hovygI[

gurU hirrwie swihb kwl

3 mwrc 1644 dy idn gurU hirgoibMd swihb ny joqI joq smwaux qoN pihlW gurg~dI (gurU) hirrwie swihb jI nUM sONp idqI sI[ (gurU) hir rwie swihb sdw hI gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy nwl rhy sn; ies krky nwhn dIAW phwVIAW ivc bxwey jwx vwly if&YNs isstm dI Xojnw nUM cMgI qrHW smJ ilAw sI[ 1645 ivc jdoN kihlUr (iblwspur) irAwsq dy rwjw qwrw cMd ny Swhjhwn nUM kr/tYks (lgwn) dyxw bMd kr idqw qW bwdSwh ny aus nUM igR&qwr kr kYd ivc pw idqw[ ies smyN (gurU) hir rwie swihb kIrqpur C`f ky nwhn irAwsq dy iek ipMf Qwpl (pUrw nW Qwplpur) ivc cly gey sn[‘dibsqwny-mzwihb’ dy lyKk zul&kwr ArdsqwnI (ijs dw nW kuJ lyKk ZlqI nwl muhisn &wnI ilKdy hn) muqwibk gurU jI ies ielwky ivc 1645 qoN 1657 q`k (qkrIbn 12-13 swl) rhy sn[ PwrsI sRoqW Anuswr ies swry smyN ivc ies QW iklHw bxwaux vwsqy sB qoN vD kMm hoieAw[

bwbw rwm rwey, bIbI rUp kOr Aqy
gurU hir ikRSn swihb jI dw jnm

gurU hirrwie swihb jI dy smkwlI ilKwrI ‘dibsqwny mzwihb’ (lyKk zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI) muqwibk gurU hirrwie swihb jI 1645 qoN 1657 q`k ipMf Qwpl (Qwplpur) ivc rhy sn, ies krky XkInn bwbw rwm rwie (24 PrvrI 1646), bIbI rUp kOr (9 ApRYl 1649) Aqy gurU hrikRSn swihb jI (20 julweI 1652) dw jnm iesy ipMf Qwplpur ivc hoieAw hY[ aunHW dw jnm kIrqpur ivc hoxw Awpxy Awp Zlq swibq huMdw hY[

1657 ivc gurU hirrwie swihb kIrqpur, goieMdvwl, isAwlkot, kSmIr ielwky dy pRcwr dOirAW qy rhy sn qy 1661 ivc auh joqI joiq smw gey sn[ gurU hir ikRSn swihb jI ies pwsy vl nhIN Aw sky sn[ gurU qyZ bhwdr swihb jI vI 1666 qoN 1670 q`k pUrb (auqr pRdyS, ibhwr, bMgwl qy Aswm Awid sUibAW) ivc pRcwr dOry qy rhy sn {aunHW 1665 ivc c`k nwnkI (AnMdpur swihb) dI nINh r`KI sI[} gurU goibMd isMG jI gurU qyZ bhwdr jI dI ShIdI qoN mgroN ds swl qk c`k nwnkI rhy sn[ auh ApRYl 1685 ivc Qwpl (Qwplpur) Awey sn qy ies dy nyVy hI iek hor iklHy (pwauNtw swihb) dI nINh r`KI sI[ gurU goibMd isMG jI ies iklHy dI auswrI dIAW Aw^rI CohW dyNdy rhy sn[ AkqUbr 1688 ivc gurU jI vwips c`k nwnkI gey sn Aqy aus dy nwl lgdI zmIn qy AnMdpur swihb ivc pMj iklHy auswry sn[ gurU hir rwie swihb ny 3 mwrc 1644 dy idn gurg`dI sMBwlI qy ies mgroN iek swl (1645 q`k) auh kIrqpur swihb ivc rhy[ auDr kihlUr (iblwspur) irAwsq dw rwjw kilAwx cMd, irAwsq sukyq ’qy hmly dOrwn, 12 &rvrI 1637 dy idn hoeI iek lVweI ivc mwirAw igAw[ rwjw kilAwx cMd dy pu`qr ny ies dw bdlw lYx vwsqy sukyq qy hmlw kr id`qw[ mgroN aus ny Swh jhwn nUM tYks dyxw vI bMd kr id`qw[ ies qy 1055 ihjrI (sMn 1645) ivc muZl bwdSwh Swh jhwn dy hukm hyT imrzw Swhru^ dy puqr njwbq ^wn ny iblwspur qy hmlw kr id`qw Aqy ies qy kbzw krky qwrw cMd nUM igR&qwr kr ilAw[ ies mgroN gurU hir rwie swihb Qwpl (audoN isrmOr/nwhn irAwsq, hux hirAwxw dw iek ipMf) cly gey qy 13 swl auQy rhy[ gurU jI kol 2200 GoVy sn ijnHW dI crWd vwsqy Qwpl qy ies dy duAwly dw jMgl bhuq munwisb QW sI[ A`j vI ieh ielwkw jMglI dr^qW nwl BrpUr hY, mgroN jd qwrw cMd ny tYks Adw kr id`qw qW aus nUM irhw kr id`qw igAw[ ieh g`l ‘dibqwn-ie-mzwihb’ dw lyKk maUbwd zuli&kwr ArdsqwnI ny (s&w 282 qy) ilKI sI[ ArdsqwnI gurU hrgoibd swihb qy gurU hir rwie swihb jI nUM keI vwr imldw irhw sI qy aus dw gurU jI nwl ^qo-i^qwbq vI cldw rihMdw sI[ iblkul ieho kuJ hI (ArdsqwnI dw hvwlw dy ky) SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI v`loN CpI ikqwb “ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz AYNf dyAr irlIjn”, ijld pihlI, s&w 189 (fw ikrpwl isMG qy KVk isMG v`loN sMpwidq kIqI) qy iliKAw hoieAw sI[ fw. hrbMs lwl AgnIhoqrI qy cWd rwm AgnI hoqrI (ikqwb ‘gYdirMg stOrm, guruU hir rwie swihb’, s&w 54) muqwibk gurU hrikRSn swihb jI dw jnm ipMf Qwpl ivc hoieAw sI[ fw. AgnI hoqrI hrI rwm gupqw (ihstrI Aw& d is`K gurUz) dw hvwlw dyNdw hoieAw ilKdw hY ik gurU hir rwie swihb 13 swl nwhn irAwsq (Qwpl ipMf) ivc rhy sn; hor vI bhuq swry lyKkW ny vI gurU hir rwie swihb dy Qwpl ivc 13 swl rihx dw izkr kIqw hY[ ieMdU BUSn bYnrjI (AYvolUSn Aw& d Kwlsw, ijld dUjI, s&w 48), fw gMfw isMG (ikqwb ‘mw^iz qvwrI^y is`KW’, s&w 45), ^uSvMq isMG (ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz, ijld pihlI, s&w 64), kinMGm (ey ihstrI Aw& d is`Kz, s&w 55) ny vI gurU hir rwie swihb dy Qwpl ivc 13 swl rihx dw izkr kIqw hY[ kinMGm ‘Qwpl’ ipMf nUM ‘tkswl’ jW ‘tMgrwl’ ipMf mMndw hY qy ilKdw hY ik ieh ksOlI dy nyVy hY (hwlW ik ksOlI dy nyVy vI tkswl jW tMgrwl nW dw koeI ipMf nhIN, hW ‘ktwl’ nW dy do ipMf zrUr hn, pr auh isrmOr irAwsq ivc nhIN hn)[ auN\ purwxI isrmOr irAwsq ivc A`j vI Qwpl nW dy Gto-Gt do ipMf hn, so ieiqhwisk dsqwvyz Anuswr koeI S`k nhIN rih jWdw ik gurU hir rwie swihb 1645 qoN 1657 qk Qwpl ipMf (isrmOr/nwhn irAwsq) ivc rhy sn[ ies krky gurU hir rwie swihb dy iqMnW b`icAW, rwm rwie (24 &rvrI 1646), bIbI rUp kOr (9 ApRYl 1649) Aqy (gurU) hrikRSn swihb jI (17 julweI 1652) dw jnm Qwpl (isrmOr/nwhn irAwsq, iklHw lohgVH zon) dw hI bxdw hY[ drAsl kuJ lyKkW kol 1645 qoN 1657 q`k dI qvwrI^ nwl sbMDq sm`grI nw hox kr ky, Aqy Qwpl ipMf dw pqw nw lg skx kr ky aunHW ny, ibnW Koj dy gurU hir rwie swihb dy b`icAW dw jnm kIrqpur ivc hoieAw hI ilK id`qw sI[ ienHW ny qW gurU hrikRSn jI dw jnm vI 1656 ivc ilK id`qw sI[ gurU jI dI Qwpl qoN kIrqpur swihb vwpsI gurU jI 26 swl dI aumr ivc 1657 ivc Qwpl qoN kIrqpur swihb vwips Awey qy ie`QoN auh pMjwb ivc v`K-v`K QWvW qy Drm prcwr leI jWdy rhy[ auh 1659-60 dy kuJ mhIny kSmIr dy dOry qy vI rhy qy 1660-61 dw smW auh kIrqpur ivc hI rhy[ kIrqpur Aw ky Awp ny iek iklHw bxvwieAw sI, ijs dw hux vjUd nhIN hY[ ies dw izkr gxySw isMG bydI ilKq ‘SSIbMs ibnod’ ivc imldw hY[ svrUp isMG kOiSS (sMpwidq ig. grjw isMG qy ipAwrw isMG pdm) ‘gurU kIAW swKIAW’ ivc swKI 7 qoN 16 q`k, qy swKIAW 19 qy 21 Awid, ivc vI kot gurU hirrwie swihb jI dw izkr AwauNdw hY[ kIrqpur ivc Awp ny iek ^UbsUrq bwZ vI lgvwieAw sI[ ies ivc Awp ny qrHW qrHW dy &u~l qy jVHIAW-bUtIAW lgvweIAW[ iek irvwieq muqwibk Awp ihkmq Aqy dvweIAW bwry ^ud vI jwxkwrI rKdy sn (jo ik Awp ny Qwpl rihMidAW hwisl kIqI sI) Aqy keI vYd vI Awp kol kIrqpur ivc rihx lg pey sn jo jVIAW bUtIAW dy bVy mwihr sn[ iesy irvwieq muqwibk Awp dy bwg ivc pYdw hoeIAW jVHIAW bUtIAW dI vrqoN nwl hI Swhjhwn bwdSwh dy v~fy puqr dwrw iSkoh dI iek purwxI bImwrI TIk hoeI sI[

pIr bu`DU Swh dw rol

sFOrw Aqy lohgVH ikilHAW dI qvwrI^ ivc iek Aihm nW pIr bu`DU Swh dw vI AwauNdw hY[ pIr bu`DU Swh jI dw gurU goibMd isMG jI nwl bhuq nyVly sbMD sn[ auhnW dw Asl nW sXd bdr-aud-dIn sI[ s`Xd hox kr ky aus nUM ‘Swh’ jI qy ‘pIr’ jI vI kihMdy sn[ 13 jUn 1647 dy idn pYdw hoey pIr jI nUM muZl bwdSwh (Swied Akbr bwdSwh) v`loN jgIr imlI hoeI sI qy auhnW dw invws sFOrw ksby ivc sI[ ikauNik auh hzrq muhMmd swihb dI bytI &wiqmw Aqy hzrq AlI dy ^wndwn ivcoN sI, ies krky lokW ivc auhnW dI bhuq mwnqw sI[ j`d lok pIr jI dy pYrW nUM h`Q lwauNdy sI qW auh ikhw krdy sI ik mYnUM bdr-aud-dIn Swh dI QW bu`DU Swh ikhw kro[ eynI inmrqw sI pIr buDU Swh jI ivc[

pIr bu`DU Swh jI Aqy Tskw mIrWjI (ijlw kurUkSyqr) dy pIr BIKx Swh dw Awps ivc bhuq ipAwr sI[ sX`d pIr bu`DU Swh jI dw gurU goibMd isMG jI nwl myl pIr BIKx Swh jI ny hI krvwieAw sI[ auh Awpxy b`icAW sxy Aksr pwauNtw swihb jwieAw krdy sI[ (pIr) bu`DU Swh jI dw ivAwh 18 swl dI aumr ivc AOrMgzyb dy iek jrnYl sXd ^wn dI BYx nsIrW nwl hoieAw sI[ pIr bu`DU Swh jI dy cwr byty (ASr&, muhMmd, mihmUd b^S qy husYn) sn[

pIr bu`DU swh Aqy aus dy prvwr nwl is`K ieiqhws dI iek Aihm Gtnw (swKI) hY ik 18 sqMbr 1688 dy idn, jd gVHvwl dy rwjy &qyh Swh ny ibnW kwrn gurU goibMd isMG jI qy hmlw kIqw sI qW gurU swihb jI dI &Oj dy 500 pTwn (ijnHW nUM pIr bu`DU Swh jI ny BrqI krvwieAw sI) ZdwrI kr ky duSmx nwl jw rly[ jdoN ies GtnW dI Kbr pIr bu`DU Swh jI nUM imlI qW auh Awpxy Brw, cwry pu`qrW Aqy 700 swQIAW smyq pwauNtw swihb phuMc ky gurU swihbW nMU mYdwny jMg iv`c Swiml hox dI ArjoeI kIqI Aqy ies lVweI ivc auhnW dy do pu`qr (ASr&, muhMmd) qy Brw BUry Swh ShId ho gey sn[ pIr jI dI gurU jI nwl nyVqw qoN sFOry dw hwkm ausmwn ^wn bhuq AOKw sI[ ausny iek idn DoKy nwl pIr jI nUM jMgl ivc iljw ky izMdw swV id`qw sI[ ieh Gtnw 21 mwrc 1704 dI hY[

5 dsMbr 1709 dy idn j`doN bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr ny sFOry qy hmlw kIqw sI qW pIr bu`DU Swh dy prvwr Aqy swQIAW ny aus dI pUrI mdd kIqI sI[ bwbw bMdw isMG ny sFOrw ij`qx mgroN ausmwn ^wn nUM igR&qwr kr ky, pIr bu`DU Swh dy kql krn Aqy lokW qy zulm krn bdly SryAwm lokW dy swhmxy mOq dI szw id`qI sI[ ausmwn ^wn qy ieh vI ielzwm sI ik auh ZYr-muslmwnW ƒ s^q n&rq krdw sI Aqy aunHW qy zulm krn Aqy aunHW dIAW DIAW-BYxW dI Azmq lu`tx dw koeI mOkw nhIN sI guAwauNdw[

bMdw isMG dw pwhul lYxw Aqy lohgVH pujx qk dw s&r

prSIAn ilKqW muqwibk bMdw isMG gurU swihb jI nMU &rvrI 1694 ivc irSIkyS ivc imilAw sI[ jdo gurU goibMd isMG jI nwdyV pu`jy qW aus smyN bMdw isMG dI mulwkwq gurU goibMd isMG jI nwl hoeI, ij`Qy gurU jI ny bMdw isMG nMU pMjwb dy qwjw hwlqW bwry Aqy AglI rxnIqI iqAwr kr is`K kom dw jrnYl Qwpky pMjwb v`l qoirAw[

(ieiqhwskwr bMdw isMG nMU bYrwgI sMpRdw nwl joVdy hn Aqy bMdw isMG bwry Awm ikhw jWdw hY ik ausny KMfy dI pwhul nhIN sI leI[ Swied auh ieiqhwskwr is`KI rvwieq Aqy isDWq nMu nhI smJ sky ik guru goibMd isMG jI ie`k byAMimRqIey Aqy is`KI isDWqW qoN Axjwn bMdy nMU is`K kom dI bwgfor iks qrW dy skdy sI[AsI ies pusq`k iv`c AnykW hI auh ieiqhwisk hvwly dyx dw auprwlw kIqw hY, ijs iv`coN bwbw bMdw isMG dw KMfy bwty dI pwhul lYx dy sbUq imldy hn) bMdw isMG v`loN pwhul lYx dw sB qoN vDIAw vyrvw srUp isMG kOiSS ny B`t vhIAW dy ADwr qy ilKI ikqwb gurU kIAW swKIAW (1790) iv`c id`qw hY[ies qoN ielwvw imrzw mubwrku`lw ierwdq ^wn dI qwrI^y ierwdq ^wn (1714), muhMmd AlI ^wn AMswrI dI qwrI^y muz`&rI (1788), Zulwm husYn dI isAwrul muqw^rIn (1836), AlI-aud-dIn mu&qI dI iebrqnwmw (1854), gxyS dws vFyrw dI cwry bwZy pMjwb (1855), knHeIAw lwl dI qwrI^y pMjwb (1881), Aihmd Swh btwlIAw dI ikqwby ihMd (1885), muhMmd lqI& dI qwrI^y pMjwb, AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn dI ihstrI Aw& ieMfIAw AYz tolf bwey iets ihstorIAnz vrgIAW &wrsI ilKqW ivc vI bMdw isMG dy KMfy dI pwhul lYx dw izkr hY[ pMjwbI soimAW iv`coN kysr isMG iCbr dI ‘bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW dw’ (1769), rqn isMG BMgU dw ‘pRwcIn pMQ pRkwS’ (1808, 1841), igAwnI igAwn isMG dI SmSIr Kwlsw (1880) ivc vI pwhul dw izkr hY[ krm isMG ihstorIAn Aqy igAwnI krqwr isMG klwsvwlIAw, ijhVy pihlW pwhul bwry ilKxw Bu`l gey sn, ny vI nvIAW AYfISnW ivc bMdw isMG dy pwhul lYx dw izkr kIqw sI[ ijnHW hor lyKkW ny vI bMdw isMG dy pwhul lYx dw izkr kIqw hY, aunHW ivc ieh vI Swiml hn: rwDw ikRSn (goSw-ie-pMjwb), bynI prswd (gurU goibMd isMG), rwjw ivkrm isMh (gurU goibMd isMG), suirMdr Srmw (gurU goibMd isMG) qy keI hor Swiml hn[ AMgryzI lyKkW iv`coN jymz brwaUn (ieMfIAn trYkts), mYkgrygr (ihstrI Aw& d isKz), sI. AYc. pyAn (d is`Kz) vI ies dI qweId krdy hn[ so, qkrIbn swry inrp`K ilKwrI swry ieh mMndy hn ik bMdw isMG ny pwhul leI sI[ (lyKk mYks AwrQr mYkwil& ny iksy BulyKy ivc iliKAw sI ik aus dw nW gurb^S isMG r`iKAw igAw sI jo iksy vI somy ivc iliKAw nhIN imldw)[

bMdw isMG dI pMjwb v`l rvwngI

gurU jI ny bMdw isMG ƒ pMjwb dI hwlq ibAwn kIqI[ aunHW ny AnMdpur swihb qy phwVIAW Aqy muZlW dy hmilAW, is`KW dy au~QoN inklx, qlvMfI swbo pu`jx Aqy bhwdr Swh dI bdnIAqI dI jwxkwrI d`sI[ aunHW ny muZlW dy zulmW dI khwxI vI suxweI[ ienHIN idnIN BweI BgvMq isMG bMgySrI dw tWfw (vpwirk kw&lw) vI auDroN lMG irhw sI[ jd aus ƒ pqw lgw ik gurU swihb nMdyV ivc ruky hoey hn qW auh gurU jI ƒ imlx AwieAw[ gurU jI ny aus nwl ivcwr kr ky bMdw isMG ƒ aus dy tWfy ivc pMjwb Byjx dw &Yslw kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG 5 AkqUbr 1708 dy idn nMdyV qoN pMjwb vl cl ipAw[ gurU jI ny aus ƒ iek ic`TI (ijs ƒ hukmnwmw vI ikhw jWdw hY) id`qI ijs ivc is`KW dy nW pYZwm iliKAw hoieAw sI ik auh bMdw isMG dw qih-idloN swQ dyx[ aus ny rsqy ivc mhWrwStr qy ^wn dys (burhwnpur vZYrw) lMG ky mMdsOr, Ajmyr, Pulyrw, curU, Brqpur vZYrw ivc pVwA kIqy[ qkrIbn cwr-pMj mhIny ivc, cOdW sO iklomItr &wslw qYA kr ky, bMdw isMG bWgr dys ivc, prgxw KrKOdw dy ielwky ivc pu`j igAw[ bMdw isMG ny KrKOdw prgxw dy ipMfW (KrKOdw qoN KWfw 6 iklomItr dUr qy syhrI 9 iklomItr dUr) syihrI Aqy KWfw ivckwrly jMgl ivc (ij`Qy nyVy hI dwdw GoFw nW dI v`fI Fwb sI) Awpxw pVwA kIqw (KrKOdw, sWplw qihsIl ivc, sWplw qy sonIpq dy ivckwr, id`lI dy auqr-p`Cm ivc, id`lI qoN qkrIbn 40 qy sonIpq qoN 30 iklomItr dUr hY)[ audoN ieh ielwkw aujwV bIAwbwn qy jMgl hox kr ky kw&I h`d qk mih&Uz sI[ ie`QoN bMdw isMG ny pMjwb dys ivc v`K-v`K ielwikAW dy mu`KI is`KW ƒ ^q Byj ky gurU swihb dw pYZwm idqw Aqy hiQAwrbMd ho ky bWgr dys ivc pu`jx vwsqy AwiKAw[ kuJ hI idnW ivc pMj sO dy krIb is`K aus kol pu`j gey[bMdw isMG ny sonIpq, nwrnOl, iBvwnI, ihswr, kYQl ieiqAwid qy hmly kr Aslw qy ^zwny Koh ley[ ies smyN dOrwn hI hor vI bhuq swry is`K aus dy kYNp ivc Aw Swiml hoey sn[

bwbw bMdw isMG vloN lohgV nUM rwjDwnI bnwauxw

nwdyV qoN swihb SRI gurU goibMd isMG jI ny gurU nwnk swihb jI dy hlImI rwj nMU kwiem krn leI bMdw isMG bhwdr nMU is`K rwj dw Xog jrnYl sQwipq kr pMjwb v`l qoirAw Aqy jdoN bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr ny smwxw, GuVwm, snOr, Tskw mIrWjI, kMujpurw, Swhbwd, dwmlw, musq&wbwd, kpUrI Aqy sFOrw &qih kr ley qW dsMbr 1709 ivc lohgVH nUM Kwlsw rwjDwnI bxwieAw[ gurU nwnk swihb jI vloN kIqI geI inSwndyhI Aqy bwkI gurU swihbW vloN smyN-smyN qy iqAwr kIqw igAw iklwH lohgVH iSvwilk phwVIAW ivc Xmunw qoN lYky mwrkMfw ndI Aqy G`Gr dirAw (ipMjor) dy ivckwr siQq hY[ bwbw bMdw isMG ny ies iklyH dIAW dIvwrW, burj Aqy morcy p`ky bxw ky ies ƒ vDyry mih&Uz bxw ilAw[ ies iklyH iv`c ^zwnw, hiQAwr Aqy Anwj Awid dI sMBwl vwsqy jrUrq Anuswr ieMqjwm sn Aqy ieM\ hI aunHW &OjIAW, ijnHW nwl pRvwr vI sn dy rihx vwsqy Sihr visAw hoieAw sI[

nwnkSwhI is`kw clwauxw[

ies mgroN swrw ^zwnw, vwDU hiQAwr Aqy kw&I imkdwr ivc Anwj vI ies iklHy ivc lY AWdw igAw[ies dy nwl hI bwbw bMdw isMG ny Kwlsw rwj dw is`kw vI jwrI kIqw[ ies dy iek pwsy ieh iliKAw sI:

“is`kw zd br hr do Awlm, qyiZ nwnk vwihb Asq
&qih goibMd isMG Swih-SwhW &zil s`cw swihb Asq”

(dohW jhwnW dy s`cy pwqSwh dI imhr nwl ieh is`kw jwrI kIqw igAw[gurU nwnk dI qyZ hryk dwq b^SdI hY; Akwl purK dy &zl nwl SihnSwhW dy SihnSwh gurU goibMd isMG dI &qih hoeI hY)
is`ky dy dUjy pwsy iliKAw sI:

zrib Amwnul dihr mus`vrq Sihr
zInq Al q^q ^wlsw mubwrk b^q]

(dunIAW dy skUn Bry QW, jMnq vrgy Sihr, BwgW vwly Kwlsw q^q dI rwjDwnI ivc, jwrI hoieAw)[

is`K rwj dI muhr jwrI krnw

KwlsweI is`kw jwrI krn mgroN is`KW v`loN Kwlsw rwj dI muhr vI jwrI kIqI geI, ijs qy iliKAw sI:

dyZo-qyZo-&iqh-E-nusrq byidrMg
Xw&q Az nwnk - gurU goibMd isMG

(dyZ qyZ Aqy &qih ibnW iksy dyrI qoN gurU nwnk swihb-gurU goibMd isMG qoN hwisl hoeI) ies qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik bMdw isMG ny nw qW Awpxy nW ’qy is`kw jwrI kIqw Aqy nw hI aus ny Awpxy nW dI muhr clweI[ bMdw isMG ny hr kwmXwbI nUM gurU swihb nUM hI smrpx kIqw sI[ dunIAW Br dI qvwrI^ ivc kdy iksy jyqU jW hwkm ny A`j qk Awpxy nW qoN isvw kdy iksy hor dy nW dw is`kw jwrI nhIN kIqw[bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdur ^ud nUM hmySw ‘bMdw-ey-gurU’ Bwv ‘gurU dw bMdw’ AwiKAw krdw sI[ srhMd dI ij`q dy idn qoN Kwlsy dw (bMdw isMG dw nhIN) nvW sMmq vI jwrI kIqw igAw[

zmIn vwhux vwly muzwirAw nMU mwilkwnw h`k idvwieAw,

ie`Qy hI bs nhIN is`K rwj dI sQwpnw smyN bwbw bMdw isMG bhwdr jI ny keIN swlW qoN jmInW vwh rhy ikswnW nMU auhnW dw mwilkwnw h`k dyky s`B qoN pihlW kwnMUnI mwnqw id`qI[duinAW dy ieiqhws iv`c pihlI vwrI iksy rwjy vloN ieh PYslw ilAw igAw sI ik smwj iv`c rwjsI / swmwijk Aqy AwriQkqw dy AwDwr qy s`B mnu`K brwbr hox[ ieh kMm PrWs dI kRWqI qoN lgBg 70 swl pihlW hoieAw sI pr dunIAW Br iv`c ies gl nMU pRcwirAw nhI igAw[

lohgVH dI rwjDwnI qoN bMdw isMG dy AYkSn

ApRYl 1710 qk bMdw isMG ny srhMd dy Awly-duAwly dw bhuqw ielwkw muZlW qoN Awzwd krvw ilAw sI[ jmnw Aqy sqluj dirAwvW dy ivckwr dw ielwkw, sxy A`T ikilHAW dy, aus dy kbzy ivc sI[ srhMd BwvyN sUbw id`lI hyT sI, pr ies dI hYsIAq iek sUby vrgI sI[ ie`QoN dw nwzm BwvyN &Ojdwr dI hsqI rKdw sI pr lok ies nUM ‘sUbydwr’ hI ikhw krdy sn[ sqluj dirAw qoN jmnw dirAw qk dw ielwkw ies ivc Swiml sI[[ ies dy 28 prgny sn qy ies dI Awmdn 52 l`K rupY swlwnw sI[ ies kr ky ies nUM 'bwvnI srhMd ' vI AwKdy sn[ dirAw Xmnw qy sqluj ivckwrlw ielwkw srhMd dI hkUmq hyT sI[ mlyrkotlw, mwCIvwVw qy rUpV (hux ropV) Awid srhMd dy mwqihq sn[ hux bMdw isMG dw Aglw Aqy v`fw AYkSn sI srhMd dy zwlm hwkmW vzIr ^wn Aqy s`ucw nMd ƒ aunHW dy zulmW dI szw dyxw sI[ieD`r bwdSwh nUM ieqlwh imlI ik is`KW lVweIAW dOrwn SwhI &Oj dy jvwn bVI v`fI igxqI ivc mwry jw cuky hn[ ies ’qy bwdSwh fr igAw Aqy aus ny hukm jwrI kr id`qw ik koeI ihMdU aus dy nyVy nw Awaux id`qw jwvy[

lohgVH iklHy ’qy hmlw

bhuqy ieiqhwskwrW ny iliKAw hY muZl &Oj ny sFOrw ij`qx mgroN lohgVH ’qy 30 nvMbr 1710 dy idn hmlw kIqw Aqy Agly idn pihlI dsMbr nUM kbzw kr ilAw[ bMdw isMG bhwdr Awpxy bcy Kucy kuJ kU swQIAW sxy nwhn dIAW phwVIAW ivcoN inkl igAw[ lohgVH iklHw ’qy kbzw krn dI khwxI sbMDI, qkrIbn iehI jW ies nwl imldw-juldw vyrvw bhuqy ieiqhwskwrW dIAW Aihvwl-aul-^vwkIn , pqry (s&y) 31-32,ilKqW ivc imldw hY[ swry ieiqhwskwrW ny drAsl aunHW muslmwn ilKwrIAW dIAW ilKqW nUM ADwr bxwieAw sI ijhVy ik dwAvw krdy sn ik aunHw ny ieh swrI lVweI Awpxy A`KIN dyKI sI (^ws kr ky kwmvr ^wn, ^w&I ^wn) lohgVH ivc ies vyly nw qW bhuqI is`K &Oj sI, nw Aslw qy nw rwSn[ isr& iqMn qopW sn qy cOQI qop iemlI dw qnw Kod ky bxweI hoeI sI[ pr ienHw qopW vwsqy vI bwrUd bhuq QoVHw sI [au~Dr is`K, Aslw QoVHw hox kr ky, iek-iek kr ky goly su`t rhy sn[ muZl &OjW dy jrnYlW ny ies qoN AMdwzw lw ilAw sI ik is`KW kol bwrUd QoVHw hY[ auhI g`l hoeI[ Swm qoN pihlW hI is`KW dw bwrUd mu`k igAw[ hux auh moricAW ivcoN inkly Aqy aunHW ny muZl &OjW ’qy qlvwrW nwl hmlw kr id`qw[ ieM\ bhuq swry is`K ShId ho gey[ ies vyly bMdw isMG lohgVH iklHy qoN au~pr, nwl vwlI phwVI ’qy bxy iek hor iklHy isqwrgVH ivc, bYTw sI[ SwhI &Oj lohgVH nUM GyrI bYTI sI qy iksy vyly vI ies ’qy kbzw kr skdI sI[ is`KW ƒ hux Aihsws ho igAw sI aunHW dw Blw iklyH ’coN inkl jwx ivc hI hY[ rwq vyly aunHW ny bhuq swrw bwrUd Br ky iemlI dI gylI nwl bxweI bUMdk clweI ijs nwl DrqI kMb geI[ ies Dmwky nwl swry SwhI &OjI fr ky luk gey[ is`KW ny ies dw &wiedw auTwieAw Aqy iklHy iv`coN inkl ky phwVW vl cly gey[ ienHW ivc hI bMdw isMG vI sI[ ies lVweI ivc 1500 is`K qy aunHW dy do isrdwr mwry gey sn[ (AYlIAt AYNf fwaUsn, ijld 7, s&w 424)[

lohgVH ’qy kbzy dI JUTI ^br

hkIkq ieh hY ik sFOry qoN lohgVH phuMcx vwsqy bVw AOKw morcw sI[ ies rsqy ivc qkrIbn 52 ipMf sn qy ienHW swirAW ipMfW ivc hI gVHIAW bxIAW hoeIAW sn[ ienHW gVHIAW ivc burj Aqy p`ky morcy kwiem sn[ dUjy l&zW ivc lohgVH pu`jx qoN pihlW muZl &Oj nUM 52 lVweIAW lVnIAW pYxIAW sn[ auDr bMdw isMG nUM pqw lg cukw sI ik bwdSwh ny bhuq v`fI &Oj nwl ielwky nUM Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw hY[ausny mihsUs kIqw ik ies hwlq ivc lVweIAW krnw &wiedymMd nhIN ho skygw[ ienHW lVweIAW nwl muZlW dw qW nukswn hovygw hI pr nwl is`KW dw vI bhuq nukswn hovygw[ies kr ky bMdw isMG ny lMmI lVweI lVn dI bjwie iek pwsy qW muZl &OjW nUM aulJwauxw id`qw qy dUjy pwsy pMjwb Aqy jMmU v`l cwly pw ky muZl &OjW dw iDAwn auDr vMfx dI qrkIb GVI[ ies leI auh iklHy ivcoN inkl ky auprly phwVW v`l inkl igAw sI[ bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx dI ^br imlxw hux ijs ij`q nUM muZl lohgVH dI ij`q kihMdy hn, auh drAsl ipMf lohgVH dI iek phwVI Aqy isqwrgVH nW dI iek phwVI ’qy kbzw krn dI Gtnw sI[muZl jrnYlW ny do phwVIAW au~qy kbzw krn nUM lohgVH iklHw ij`qxw AYlwn kr ky bwdSwh nUM ^uS krn dI koiSS kIqI[ pr, bhwdr Swh ƒ A`jy q`k ieh nhIN sI d`isAw igAw ik bMdw isMG phwVIAW dy rsqy inkl ky bc ky clw igAw hY ^w&I ^wn muqwibk, jdoN bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx dI ^br bhwdr Swh ƒ imlI qW auh bVw g`usy ivc AwieAw Aqy aus ny ikhw “AYny ku`iqAW dy Gyry ’coN ig`dV bc ky inkl igAw?”

is`KW dy kqlyAwm dw hukm jwrI krnw

10 dsMbr nUM bwdSwh ny b^SI-aul-mumwilk mhwbq ^wn nUM hukm jwrI kIqw ik aus (bwdSwh) dy nW ’qy Swhjhwnwbwd (id`lI) dy Awly-duAwly dy &OjdwrW nUM &urmwn jwrI kry ik “ij`Qy vI koeI nwnk-pRsq (is`K) nzr Awvy aus nUM kql kr id`qw jwvy[” (mgroN 26 mwrc 1711 nUM bwdSwh ny ieh hukm vI jwrI kIqw ik is`KW nUM ‘is`K’ nhIN blik ‘is`K-cor’ iliKAw jwieAw kry)[

lohgVH iklHw C`fx mgroN bMdw isMG dy AYkSn

ijvyN ik pihlW izkr kIqw hY ik lohgVH qoN inkl jwxw drAsl isMGW dw iek pYNqVw sI[ aus dI plwinMg sI ik SwhI lSkr dy jvwn hMB jwx qy bwdSwh nUM bMdw isMG dy bc ky inkl jwx dw Jorw l`gw rhy[ ies kr ky fry hoey bwdSwh nUM hOslw dyx vwsqy aus nUM JUTI ^br phuMcweI geI ik muZl &OjW ny lohgVH ’qy kbzw kr ilAw hY[ aus ny ieh vI pYZwm phuMcw id`qw ik auh lwhOr ’qy hmlw krn dI plwn bxw irhw hY[ aus nUM pqw sI ik ies nwl muZl &OjW lohgVH C`f ky lwhOr nUM cl pYxgIAW[ ies kr ky bMdw isMG lohgVH ivcoN inkl igAw[ auh nwhn qoN iblwspur pu`jw mgroN mMfI, ku`lU, kWgVw qy cMbw pu`jw qy au~QoN aUDmpur ivcoN lMGdw hoieAw auh JnW dy kMFy irAwsI ipMf phuMc igAw sI Aqy iPr bMdw isMG ny phwVI ielwikAW ivc kwrvweI krn dw &Yslw kIqw[ mMfI qoN bwAd bMdw isMG ku`lU v`l clw igAw[

bMdw isMG dw cMbw ivc ivAwh

ku`lU nUM Jukwaux mgroN jnvrI 1711 ivc bMdw isMG cMbw pu`j igAw, ij`Qy aus nUM rwjw audY isMh ny AwpxI ^UbsUrq DI suSIl kuMvr (mgroN suSIl kOr) dw folw vI id`qw[ ies qoN mgroN suSIl kOr sdw hI bMdw isMG dy nwl rhI sI Aqy aus ny mwrc 1712 ivc lohgVH ivc hI AjY isMG nUM jnm id`qw sI, ijs ƒ bMdw isMG dy nwl 9 jUn 1716 dy idn ShId kr idqw igAw sI[ suSIl kOr nUM vI bMdw isMG dy nwl gurdws nMgl dI gVHI iv`coN igR&qwr kr ky idlI iljwieAw igAw sI (aus dy AMq smyN jW mOq bwry iksy somy ivc zrw vI izkr nhIN imldw)[cMbw qoN mgroN sIbw, nUrpur qy jsvwn dy phwVI rwijAW qoN eIn mnvw ky irAwsI phuMc igAw[ ie`Qy bMdw isMG ny is`K &OjW nUM muV jQybMd kIqw qy kuJ icr irAwsI (jMmU-kSmIr) ivc itkx mgroN aus ny iPr pMjwb v`l nUM mUMh kr ilAw[

bMdw isMG dw lohgVH muV prqxw Aqy sFOrw dI dUjI lVweI

mwrc 1712 ivc bMdw isMG lohgVH ivc bYTw hoieAw sI[ jd muhMmd AmIn ^wn nUM ieh pqw l`gw qW aus ny iek v`fI &Oj nwl lohgVH v`l kUc kr id`qw[ lohgVH phuMcx qoN pihlW aus nUM sFOrw Aqy lohgVH dy ivckwr bxy 50 qoN vD moricAW ’qy lVnw pYxw sI[ A^bwrwiq drbwir muA`lw muqwibk pihlI AprYl 1712 dy idn bwdSwh jhWdwr ^wn ƒ muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI irprot p`ujI ijs ivc disAw igAw sI ik bhuq swry is`K mwrc 1712 dy SurU ivc phwVW qoN auqr ky sFOrw dy iklyH ivc Aw gey sn qy aunHW ny sFOry ivc p`kI gVHI bxw leI hoeI sI[ muZl POjW ny vI ies iklHy dy bwhr iek k`cI gVHI bxw ky morcy pu`t ley sn[ bwdSwh nUM d`isAw igAw ik is`K hr roz gVHI ivcoN inkldy sn qy muZl &OjI aunHW ’qy hmlw krdy sn[ ieM\ roz lVweI hMudI sI[ bwdSwh nUM ieh vI d`isAw igAw sI ik 17 Agsq ƒ bMdw isMG phwVW ’coN auqr ky sFOry vl AwieAw qy dohW iDrW ivc zbrdsq jMg hoeI[ ies lVweI ivc, igxqI Gt hox kwrn, muZlW dw bhuq nukswn hoieAw sI[(A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 1 sqMbr 1712)[ muhMmd AmIn ^wn dI Arz ’qy 8 sqMbr ƒ bwdSwh ny aus vl do qopW rvwnw krn dw hukm jwrI kIqw[ bwdSwh ny droZwie-qop^wnw nUM hukm id`qw ik auh do qopW Byj dyvy[(A^bwrwiqdrbwir-muA`lw 8 sqMbr 1712)[ pr, Cy mhIny dy Gyry mgroN vI sFOrw muZlW dy kbzy ivc nw Aw sikAw[ A^Ir jd iklHy dy AMdr dwxw-pwxI mu`k igAw qW bMdw isMG iek rwq nUM Gyrw qoV ky au~QoN inkl igAw[ 2 AkqUbr 1712. AkqUbr dy SurU ivc is`KW ny bnUV nyVy C~q prgxy ivc hmlw kr ky kwzI Aqy muqs`dI kql kr idqy[ srhMd dy &Ojdwr dw ifptI jwn bcw ky dOV igAw[ &Ojdwr zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn vI is`KW dy i^lw& koeI AYkSn nw lY sikAw[ bhwdr Swh ƒ mirAW A`T mhIny ho cuky sn qy ies smyN dOrwn is`KW ny lohgVH, sFOrw qy srhMd dy duAwly iPr Awpxw bolbwlw kwiem kr ilAw sI[(A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 15 AkqUbr 1712)[

lohgVH iklyH qy SwhI &Oj dw qIjw hmlw

lohgVH dI lVweI drAsl Gto-Gt 3 swl (nvMbr 1710 qoN nvMbr 1713 qk) lgwqwr cldI rhI sI (ies ip`CoN vI ie`Qy keI JVpW huMdIAW rhIAW sn, Xwin muZl 6 swl qk ies iklHy dy iksy vI ih`sy ’qy kwbz nhIN ho sky sn)[ ies dOrwn iqMn v`fIAW lVweIAW lVIAW geIAW sn[ pihlI lVweI (nvMbr 1710) ivc iek l`K qoN vD &OjI Swiml sn (iek AMdwzy muqwibk ies ivc do qoN iqMn l`K qk muZl &OjI Swiml sn) qy ienHW dI AgvweI qy ingrwnI muZl bwdSwh Awp, aus dy cwr Sihzwdy, sYNkVy muZl jrnYL qy keI ihMdU rwjy kr rhy sn[ dUjI lVweI (sqMbr 1712) ivc lVI geI sI[ ies dI AgvweI muZl &OjW dw muK jrnYl muhMmd AmIn ^wn qy qIjI lVweI (AkqUbr nvMbr 1713) dI AgvweI Abdus smd ^wn (sUbydwr lwhOr), zYn-aud-dIn Aihmd ^wn (&Ojdwr srhMd), eInwm ^wn Aqy zkrIAw ^wn (jo mgroN lwhOr dw sUbydwr bixAw) kr irhw sI[ ies qIjI v`fI lVweI qoN mgroN bMdw isMG BwvyN jMmU v`l clw igAw sI, pr hzwrW is`K &OjI Ajy vI lohgVH qy srhMd dy ivckwr mOjUd sn[ auh SwhI cOkIAW ’qy hmly krdy rihMdy sn qy AmIrW qy vzIrW nUM l`utdy rihMdy sn[ bwdSwh nUM 17 ApRYl, 7 meI, 29 meI, 12 jUn, 9 qy 10, 18 qy 19 julweI 1714 dy idn ies sbMDI ^brW id`qIAW jWdIAW rhIAW sn[ lohgVH iklHy ’qy muZlW dw Asl kbzw qW bMdw isMG dI ShIdI (jUn 1716) qoN mgroN, lohgVH dy ielwky ivc bcy Kucy swry is`K ShId krn mgroN hI hoieAw sI, jd aunHW ny ies nUM Fwhuxw SurU kr id`qw sI (qy ies nUM Fwhux vwsqy vI 20 swl qoN vD smW l`gw sI)[

bMdw isMG qy isMGW dIAW igR&qwrIAW qy ShIdIAW

jd bwdSwh ƒ bMdw isMG dy klwnOr, btwlw Aqy rwiepur, gurdws nMgl jwx dw pqw lgw qW bwdSwh ny Abdus smd ^wn nUM iJVkW mwrIAW Aqy gu`sy-BrI ic`TI ilKI Aqy 10 mwrc ƒ kmr-aud-dIn ^wn* (pu`qr muhMmd AmIn ^wn) nUM vI iek v`fI &Oj dy ky gurdws nMgl v`l rvwnw kr idqw[ pMjwh hzwr qoN vD &Oj ny ies gVHI ƒ Gyrw pwieAw hoieAw sI[ (A^bwrwiq-drbwir-muA`lw 10 ApRYl) 1715)[ bVI v`fI &Oj hox dy bwvjUd muZlW ny gVHI ’qy hmlw nw kIqw[muslmwn &OjIAW kol bMdw isMG dw twkrw krn vwsqy hOslw qy bhwdurI dI kmI hY[bwdSwh ny koeI vI Aijhw cODrI nhIN C`ifAw sI ijs ƒ aus ny is`KW dy i^lw& muihMm ivc nw ByijAw hovy[is`KW ƒ iGirAW ƒ FweI mhIny ho cuky sn[ iebrqnwmw dw ilKwrI muhMmd kwism jo aus vyly nwieb sUbydwr Awir& byZ ^wn dy nwl qweInwq sI, ilKdw hY ik “is`K idn ivc do iqMn vwr gVHI ivcoN 40-50 dy toilAW ivc inkldy sn qy Awpxy vwsqy Aqy GoiVAW vwsqy dwxw pwxI lY jwieAw krdy sn[ ienHW is`KW nUM rokx vwsqy muZl &OjI koiSS qW krdy sn pr AMdroN is`KW dy qIrW Aqy golIAW dI bOCwV nwl bhuq swry muZl &OjI mwry jWdy sn[ ijhVy muZl &OjI aunHW dy nyVy jWdy sn auh qW is`KW dIAW ikrpwnW dw hI Kwjw bx jWdy sn[” muhMmd kwism hor ilKdw hY ik muZl &OjI ie`QoN qk duAw krdy rihMdy sn ik: "hy AlHw! bMdw isMG iksy qrIky nwl eyQoN inkl jwvy qW jo swfI jwn bc sky[" (muhMmd kwism, iebrqnwmw, ibRitS lwiebryrI lMfn ivcly dsqwvyz dy s&y 57 bI qoN 61 ey, CpI hoeI AYfISn dy s&y 180-84)[ ^w&I ^wn, muslmwn &OjIAW ivc PYly hoey fr Aqy dihSq bwry, ilKdw hY ik “jy kr gVHI iv`coN koeI ib`lI ku`qw bwhr inkldw qW mor-cwl ’qy nIAq kIqy hoey SwhI AwdmI ies nUM vI jwdU dw kwrw smJ ky dUroN hI qIr jW bMdUk nwl mwr su`tdy[” Xwin, muslmwn &OjI smJdy sn ik bMdw isMG jwdU jwxdw hY qy Swied auh ib`lI jW ku`qw bx ky inkl irhw hovy[

bMdw isMG qy is`KW dI hwlq:

hux brswqW SurU ho geIAW sn, ijs nwl Agly do mhINny hor vI AOKw smW sI[hux ikqoN Anwj, Aslw jW mdd dI koeI Aws nhIN sI ho skdI[ ieM\ is`K pUrIAW grmIAW, pUrw cumwsw qy A`DIAW srdIAW (Xwin mwrc qoN nvMbr qk, qkrIbn 8 mhIny) gVHI ivc ruky rhy A^Ir auhI hoieAw ijs dw hr koeI ikAws kr skdw sI[ 7 dsMbr 1715 ƒ &Ysly dw idn Aw igAw[ gurdws nMgl ivc iGry is`KW ivcoN bhuq swry dsq-mroVW qy pIVW nwl mr gey...jd swrw Gwh mu`k igAw qW aunHW dr^qW dy p`qy iekTy kr ley[ jd ieh vI muk gey qW aunW ny dr^qW dy qxy iC`l ley qy ies ƒ sukw ky ies dw cUrw bxw ky ies ƒ vI ieM\ hI vriqAw[

bMdw isMG Aqy swQI is`KW dI igR&qwrI

8 mhIny dy Gyry dOrwn hux aunHW kol Kwx vwsqy hvw qoN isvw kuJ vI nhIN sI[ auh B`uK nwl inFwl ho gey sn qy aunW ivc ih`lx-ju`lx jogI siqAw vI nhIN sI rhI[ A^Ir, jd keI idnW qk gVHI ’coN koeI ihljul nw hoeI qW muZl &OjW dy iek hjUm ny iek dm h`lw bol id`qw[ A`gy ADmoey pey hoey do-cwr sO is`K nzr Awey, ijnHW ƒ aunHW ny “iZR&qwr” kr ilAw[ ienHW ivcoN ijhVw vI, zrw vI, ih`ilAw aus ƒ au~Qy hI kql kr idqw igAw[qkrIbn iqMn sO is`KW ƒ QWey cIr idqw igAw[ muhMmd kwism AOrMgwbwdI (Ahvwl-aul-^vwkIn, s&y 121- 124) ilKdw hY ik jd keI idn gVHI ivcoN koeI ihljul nw hoeI qW pOVIAW lwky muZl &OjI AMdr jw vVy sn: “gVHI qoN ijs vyly aus groh (is`KW) v`loN lVweI dI qwkq ^qm ho geI Aqy byh`d qMgI hox qy Bu`K dy hwvI hox sdkw, aunHW BYVI qbIAq vwilAW (is`KW) dy ijsmW dy AMg hrkq krnoN ht gey qy aunHW ivc qlvwrW auTwaux dI qwkq nw rhI, ie`QoN qk XkIn ho igAw ik auh koeI jYkwrw vI nhIN C`f skdy, ieslwmI &Ojw dy ZwzI pOVIAW lw ky lmkdy hoey Acwnk auprokq gVHI ivc jw vVy Aqy inFwl pey swry isMGW nMU igRPqwr kr ilAw[ igR&qwrI mgroN bMdw isMG ƒ ADmoey ƒ hI ausy vyly byVIAW Aqy sMglW nwl jkV idqw igAw[ ienHW swirAW ƒ BwrI &Oj dy Gyry ivc lwhOr iljwieAw igAw[ lwhOr dy bwzwrW ivc ienHW dw jlUs k`iFAw igAw[ienHW is`K kYdIAW ƒ &Oj dI ingrwnI ivc nUV ky r`iKAw igAw[ ienHW dy pYrW ivc byVIAW, glW ivc qOk, l`k nwl jMzIrW bMnH ky, l`k dy sMgl nwl 2-2, 3-3 nUM bMnH ky g`ifAW ’qy su`itAw hoieAw sI[ mgroN ienHW nUM aUTW Aqy g`ifAW qy l`d ky, brwsqw srhMd, id`lI Byjx dw &Yslw kIqw igAw[ ies dI bwdSwh ƒ ^br pMj idn ivc hI, 12 dsMbr 1715 ƒ, puj geI sI[ iek somy muqwibk ienHW igR&qwr is`KW dI igxqI isr& do-iqMn sO hI sI[ ienHW idnW ivc bhuq swry hor is`K vI igR&qwr kr ky ienHW ivc Swiml kr idqy gey[ ies mgroN vI mwry gey hor is`KW dy isr vI id`lI iljwx vwly stwk ivc Swiml kr ley gey[ lwhOr ivc is`KW dy isr& 700 isr sn jo id`lI phuMcx qk 2000 ho cuky sn[ ieh swrw kuJ ies kr ky kIqw igAw sI qW jo bwdSwh nUM v`fI kwrguzwrI idKweI jw sky[ (kysr isMG iCbr, bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqswhIAW dw, s&w 294)[ gurdws nMgl dI gVHI Aqy ShId hoey is`KW qoN imly hiQAwr ieh sn: SmSIrW 1000, FwlW 278, kmwxW-B`Qy 173, bMdUkW 180, ktwrW 114, gwqry vwlIAW ikrpwnW 217, sony dy gihxy kuJ kU, muhrW 23, rupY 6 sO qoN kuJ vD[ bs...[ ieh hiQAwr bwdSwh kol pyS kIqy gey sn qy aus dy hukm 'qy srkwrI ^zwny ivc jmHw krvw idqy gey sn[

lohgVH iklHw iks ny FwihAw qy ies nUM Fwhux ivc ikMnw smW l`gw?

muZl bwdSwh Aqy muZl &OjW dy jrnYl sFOrw Aqy lohgVH ikilHAW qoN bhuq fry hoey sn[ sFOry dw iklHw aunHW ny sqMbr 1713 ivc Fwhuxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ lohgVH ikLHy bwry aunHW nUM hr vyly ^O& rihMdw sI ik jy is`KW ny ies iklHy qy Pyr kbzw kr ilAw qW muZl &Oj dy hzwrW ispwhIAW nUM ie`Qy Pyr fwh ky, swlW b`DI j`dojihd krky qy hzwrW &OjI mrvwky Aqy bhuq v`fw ^rcw krky vI sdIvI kbzw nhIN iml skxw, ikauNik is`KW nUM AwpxIAW &OjI ZlqIAW dw Aihsws ho cuikAw hoxw hY qy auh bcx vwsqy aupwA kr lYxgy qy auh kdy vI Awky kwbz ho jwxgy[ ies krky &OjI jrnYlW dy suJwA qy muZl bwdSwh ny ies iklHy nUM Fwhux vwsqy hukm jwrI kr id`qy[

ies iklHy nUM Fwhux dI izMmydwrI mMifAwlw ipMf (AMimRqsr Aqy Jbwl, dohW qoN 13 iklomItr duUr) dy cODrI mUsw-aul-^wn, ijs nUM is`K m`sw rMGV krky jwxdy hn, nUM id`qI geI[ (ies nUM mgroN, 11 Agsq 1740 dy idn su`Kw isMG qy mihqwb isMG ny drbwr swihb dI hdUd ivc kql kIqw sI)[ bMdw isMG bhwdr dI ShIdI (9 jUn 1716) qoN mgroN ieh iklHw FwihAw jwxw SurU hoieAw[ ies kwrj vwsqy sYNkVy muZl ispwhI Aqy hzwrW mzdUr ilAWdy gey[ aunHW ny iek-iek phwV nUM XUint bxw ky iklHy dIAW dIvwrW, moricAW, nIhW Aqy rsiqAW nUM Fwhuxw SurU kIqw[

ikAws lwieAw jWdw hY ik muZlW ny iklHy dy hrie`k pVwA, ie`k-ie`k morcy nUM qoV ky, ienHW swry ipMfW qy ie`k-ie`k kr ky kzbw kr ilAw hovygw Aqy ie`QoN dy vwsI ijnHW nUM l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWfy nwl sbMDq hox kr ky ‘vxjwry’ vI ikhw jWdw sI, nUM Aqy aunHW dy t`brW nUM kql krky, jW aunHW nUM DmkIAW dy ky ie`QoN Bjw id`qw hovygw Aqy mgroN ienHW muZl ispwhIAW Aqy mzdUrW nUM ie`Qy vsw id`qw igAw hovygw[ ies ielwky ivc 1716 q`k ie`k vI muslmwn nhIN rihMdw sI qy ieh swrI zmIn l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI sI[

sQwnk lokW muqwibk m`sw rMGV ny ie`Qy ipMf mCrOlI ivc Awpxw iklHwnumw mihl bxwieAw hoieAw sI ijsdIAW inSwnIAW A`j vI mojUd hn Aqy auh ie`Qy rihky 20 swl qoN vD smW iklHw FuhwauNdw irhw[ ijs iklHy nUM bxwaux ivc 70-80 swl l`gy hox ausnMU Fwhux vwsqy vI G`to-G`t aus qoN ieqnw smW qW lgxw cwhIdw hY[ lohgVH Fwhux vwsqy ilAWdy ispwhI qy mzdUr ijs ipMf ivc rihMdy hox, Swied aunHW kr ky hI aus ipMf dw nW muZlvwlI cl ipAw hovy[ hux ijMny vI muslmwn ies ielwky ivc rihMdy hn auh aunHW muZl ispwhIAW Aqy mzdUrW dy vMSj hn ijnHW nUM 1716 qy 1740 dy ivckwr jW aus qoN mgroN ie`Qy ilAWdw igAw sI[

lohgVH qy sFOrw p`tI dy 50 qoN vD ipMf l`KI rwey dI jwiedwd sn qy au~Qy aus dy mulwzm vxjwry rihMdy sn[ muZlW ny iklHw Fwhux vwsqy ilAWdy muslmwn mzdUrW nUM l`KI rwey vxjwrw dI zmIn Aqy aus dy muzwry ‘vxjwrw’ rwjpUqW dIAW zmInW qy vsw id`qw sI[ ies dy bwvjUd vI kuJ ipMfW ivc vxjwry rwjpUq rih gey sn[ ieh Swied auh hoxgy ijnHW ny muslmwnW nwl imlvrqx kIqw hovygw jW aunHW dw twkrw nw kIqw hovygw jW aunHW dy muzwirAW vwlw rol Adw kIqw hovygw[ ieh vI ho skdw hY ik kuJ swlW mgroN hwlwq SWq hox mgroN kuJ ‘vxjwrw’ rwjpUq vwips prq Awey hox[ A`j vI bhuq swry ipMfW ivc bhuq swry vxjwry qy isklIgr rihMdy hn[ ieh swry gurU nwnk nwm-lyvw hn qy Awpxy Awp nUM is`K kihMdy hn[ A`j vI keI ipMf vxjwirAW dy ipMf hn, ijvyN eISrgVH, iesmwielwbwd, lohwrw, bIV sONtI, hrIpur mwjrI, KYrw, isMmlvwl, nKrojpur, BuK`VI, PwlsMfw, lwfvw, ruVkI, mMf KyVI, id`lI kw mwjrw, dyvIdws purw, invwrsI (izlHw kurukSyqr), ibgwV (&qyhwbwd), bwlsolw, nwnkpurw, nvW ngr (ipMjOr nwlwgVH sVk qy), Syrpur, b`krvwlw, klysr, suMdr bhwdrpur, nOSihrw, iblwspur, bUVIAw, kuMjl, brUfw (izlHw Xmunwngr), im`Twpur, sgrwnI, ^wnpur, gnOlI (izlHw AMbwlw), rwiepur rwxI, Swhpur, ruVkI, cONkI swhmxy gurduAwrw nwfw swihb, Pqyhpur, rYlI, kuMfI, sUrjpur, rwjIpur, ipMjOr, pRympurw, kIrqpur, mOlwvwlI, krnpur, krolI, krol Pqyh isMG, krol molw (izlHw pMckUlw)[ ies qoN ielwvw izlHw krnwl ivc (sMGoeI, bVwgwEN, klvwhI, myhqwmwtI, nyvl, tIkrI, sugrI, Cprw, dilAwnpur Awidk), crKI dwdrI, iBvwnI, rohqk, guVgwEN, koswlI, byhrI, gohwnw, mhyNdrgVH, nwrnOl, sonIpq, pwnIpq, GrONfw Awid ivc vI rihMdy hn[ ihmwcl ivc kyAwrdw, ptilEN, ikSnpur, Qwplpur (ij`Qy gurU hirrwie swihb jI 1645 qoN 1657 q`k, qkrIbn 13 swl rhy sn), isMGpurw, B`tvwlI, bMnyvwlI, molokvwlI, brotIvwlw, hrIpur, &qyhbwd, ivkws ngr, slwKoeI, ivkrm bwZ Awid)[ pMjwb ivc vI ienHW dy bhuq ipMf hn, ijvyN: tWfI, nvW gwEN (cMfIgVH dy nwl, qihsIl KrV), msolI, ArolI, dwsovwlw, lubwngVH, auifAwvwlw, tWfw (qihsIl mwCIvwVw), mwdvwVw (qihsIl ropV), byht (qihsIl luiDAwxw) pMjwb, hirAwxw Aqy ihmwcl qoN ielwvw auqr pRdyS ivc tWfw (izlHw rwmpur) Aqy auqrwKMf ivc tWfw nW dy ipMfW ivc vI bhuq vxjwry rih rhy hn[ ieh swry A`j vI Awpxy jnm, ivAwh, mOq dy sMskwr is`K irvwieqW muqwibk hI krdy hn[

ieh vI sw& nzr AwauNdw hY ik ie`Qy muslmwn mzdUrW ivcoN QoVHy ijhy hI rih gey hoxgy ikauN ik 1852 dy irkwrfW ivc vI ieh QW jMgl, ZYr Awbwd, ZYr-kwSq zmIn d`sI geI hY ijs ivc AbwdI dw koeI izkr nhIN hY[ ienHW ipMfW dI Asl c`kbMdI AMgryzI inzwm ivc hoeI sI[

vxjwry qy isklIgr kbIly ikvyN bx

l`KI Swh dy vxj ivc syvw kr rhy hzwrW dI igxqI ivc jo kwirMdy Aqy aunHW dy prvwr sn, auh bykwr ho cuky sn[ ieh lok hux kMm dI qlwS ivc ieDr auDr iPrn lg pey[ kuJ Cotwmotw vxj krn lg pey[ kuJ hor kMmW nwl guzwrw krn lg pey[ BwvyN auh hux tWifAW dy rUp ivc lMmy rUt (bl^, bu^wrw, XwrkMd, smrkMd Awid qk) ’qy vxj vpwr nhIN sn krdy pr lok aunHW nUM vxjwry hI kihMdy sn[ ienHW ivcoN bhuqy rwjpUq qy KqrI sn[ iesy qrHW ijhVy lok gurU swihb, bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy l`KI Swh vxjwrw vwsqy hiQAwr bxwauNdy hn, auh vI hux bykwr ho cuky sn[ muZlW ny aunHW nUM kMm nhIN id`qw Aqy auh hux in`ky-moty kMm krn lg pey sn[ bhuq dyr mgroN vxjwry SihrW qy ipMfW ivc in`kw–motw swmwn iljw ky vycx lg pey[ l`KI rwey dy tWifAW ivc rihx kr ky bhuiqAW kol vxj (vpwr) dw qjrbw sI[ aunHW nUM pqw huMdw sI ik iks ielwky ivc iks cIz dI mMg hY[ pr aunHW kol bhuqI pUjI nhIN sI[ ies kr ky auh v`fw vxj nhIN kr skdy sn[ ies kr ky auh QoVHI rws nwl lokW dIAW in`kIAW motIAW zrUrqW pUrIAW krn lg pey[ ieM\ auh ienHW PyrIAW dy vpwr ivcoN rozgwr kmwaux lg pey[ keI vwr qW auh lokW dI zrUrq vI bx jWdy sn iesy kr ky lok aunHW nUM Aksr aufIkdy rihMdy sn[ vxjwirAW dy mhwvry, AKwxW qy gIq vI bxn lg pey sn[ vxjwirAW vW| hI l`KI rwey vxjwrw, bMdw isMG bhwdr Aqy lohgVH iklHy nwl sbMDq isklIgr lokW dI igxqI vI bhuq izAwdw sI qy aunHW nUM iek jgh kMm imlx dI koeI aumId nhIN sI, ies kr ky auh cwry pwsy jwx lg pey qW jo aunHW nUM kMm iml sky[ aunW ivcoN bhuq swry mrh`itAW dy ielwky v`l vI inkl gey; kuJ kumwEN vl cly gey qy kuJ rwjpUq rwijAW v`l, pr iksy vI rwjy, pySvw, cODrI jW zmINdwr ny aunHW nUM hiQAwr bxwaux vwsqy kwr^wny lw ky nw id`qy[ ies dw iek kwrn ieh vI sI ik auh is`KI srUp ivc sn qy aunHW ny Awpxw Drm C`f dyx Aqy kys, dwVHI k`tx qoN ienkwr kr id`qw sI[ ies hwlq ivc aunHW nUM qMbUAW, KYimAW Aqy JONpVIAW ivc rih ky Coty-v`fy, hr qrHW dy kMm krny pey[ ij`Qy vI kMm Gt jWdw auh A`gy inkl jWdy sn[ iesy kr ky bMdw isMG Aqy l`KI rwey vxjwrw dy tWifAW nwl sbMDq vxjwry Aqy isklIgr pMjwb qoN mhWrwstr qk keI jgh Kymy lw ky rihx lg pey sn qy aunW ivc keI qW A`j vI iPrdy rihMdy hn pr kuJ ienHW ielwikAW ivc rihx lg pey hn[

mu^ilsgVH Aqy lohgV

huq swry ieiqhwskwrW ny ieh iliKAw hY ik bMdw isMG bhwdr ny mu^ilsgVH dy iklHy qy kbzw krky ies dw nW lohgVH r`K id`qw sI[1 fw. blvMq isMG2 muqwibk bwbw bMdw isMG ny mu^ilsgVH dy nyVy iklHw bxwieAw sI qy ies dw nW lohgVH rK id`qw sI[ auN\ mu^ilsgVH nW dw koeI ipMf lohgVH jW ies dy Awly-duAwly dy ielwky ivc nhIN hY[

swfy kol AMgryz ijEgrw&r Aqy ieiqhwskwr myjr jymz rYnl (1742-1830) dy nkSy mOjUd hn (aus nUM ‘&wdr Aw& ijEgrw&I’ mMinAw jWdw hY)[ ausdy 1782 dy “mYmoier Aw& ey mYp Aw& ihMdosqwn” ivc iksy mu^ilsgVH jW lohgVH dw nW-inSwn nhIN hY[

mu^ilsgVH dI AslIAq

mu^ilsgVH dw iklHw (jo iek iklHw nhIN blik bwdSwhW dIAW Cu`tIAW qy q&rIh krn vwsqy A`XwSI dI QW sI, Xwin iek rMg mihl hY) ies lohgVH iklHy qoN 30-40 iklomItr dUr hY Aqy auh jmnw ndI dy dUjy pwsy hY[ muZl bwdSwh, ^ws kr ky Swh jhwn, ies QW nUM iSkwr Aqy A`XwSI vwsqy vrqdw huMdw sI[1 ies iklHw-numw mihl dI AMdrUnI gvwhI qoN sw& pqw lgdw hY ik ieh iemwrq &rvrI 1711 ivc bwdSwh bhwdr Swh mu^ilsgVH ivc TihirAw sI Aqy ies dy nyVy dy jMgl ivc iSkwr kIqw sI[ ies dw izkr pcolI jgjIvn dws ny jYpur dy rwjw jY isMh svweI nUM 4 &rvrI 1711 dy idn ilKy ^q ivc kIqw hY (blvMq isMG iF`loN, rwijsQwnI fwkUmYNts Aw`n bMdw isMG bhwdr, s&w 88 Aqy 194. iF`loN ny AMgryzI qrjmw ivc ieh ^q ‘vkIl irport’ hox kr ky, ^q ilKx vwly dw nW dIvwn iBKwrI dws ilK id`qw hY).

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AMiqm Sbd

lohgVH dw muZlIAw slqnq qy Asr
ies ivc koeI S`k nhIN ik muZlW ny sFOrw Aqy lohgVH ’qy kbzw kr ilAw sI Aqy ienHW nUM Fwh id`qw sI[ aunHW ny bMdw isMG bhwdr qy hzwrW is`KW nUM kql vI kr id`qw sI[ pr ies ny muZlIAw slqnq dI qbwhI dw AwZwz vI kr id`qw sI[ bMdw isMG ny isr& pMj swl dy Arsy ivc hjwr swl qoN Swn nwl cl rhI qwkqvr muZlIAw slqnq nUM qbwh kr ky r`K id`qw sI[(ieiqhwisk dsqwvyz qoN pqw cldw hY ik ihMdusqwn qy s`B qoN pihlW muhMmd ibn kwism ny 712 qy hmlw kIqw sI) SwhI ^zwnw ^wlI ho cukw sI[ pMjwh hzwr qoN vI vD &OjI mwry gey sn, ijnHW ivc bhuq swry jrnYl vI sn[ bMdw isMG ny muZl hwkmW dw haUAw ^qm kr id`qw sI[ jMmU qoN id`lI q`k Aqy au`Dr shwrnpur dy duAwly dw ielwkw vI qbwh ho cukw sI[ ies mgroN bMdw isMG jI dI ShIdI (1716) qoN 1760 q`k, BwvyN is`K pMjwb qy kwbz nhIN sn, pr ieh swry smyN ivc muZlW dw bhuqw pYsw, qwkq qy iDAwn is`KW nwl t`kr lYx ivc hI ^rc huMdw irhw, ijs ny muZl hkUmq dIAW jVHW ihlw id`qIAW[